Erokhina T N, Ryabukhina Ekaterina V, Lyapina Irina S, Ryazantsev Dmitry Y, Zavriev Sergey K, Morozov Sergey Y
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 22;14(3):325. doi: 10.3390/plants14030325.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner during the development of plants and animals. The genes of miRNAs have been found to produce the following two products: (i) primary transcripts of these genes (pri-miRNA) are processed to give rise to mature miRNA, and (ii) in some cases, the pri-miRNA molecules can be translated to form small peptides, named as miPEPs. Gene silencing by artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) is one of the potential crucial methods for the regulation of desired genes to improve horticultural plants. Likewise, external application of chemically synthesized miPEPs may help plants to resist biotic/abiotic stresses and grow faster. These potent and reliable derivatives of miRNA genes can be applied for improving useful traits in crop plants. This review summarizes the progress in research on the artificial gene derivatives involved in regulating plant development, virus and pest diseases, and abiotic stress resistance pathways. We also briefly discuss the molecular mechanisms of relevant target genes for future research on breeding in plants. In general, this review may be useful to researchers who are implementing amiRNA and miPEP for accelerating breeding programs and developmental studies in crop plants.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的调节性RNA，在植物和动物发育过程中以组织特异性方式表达。已发现miRNA基因可产生以下两种产物：（i）这些基因的初级转录本（pri-miRNA）经过加工产生成熟的miRNA，以及（ii）在某些情况下，pri-miRNA分子可被翻译形成小肽，称为miPEP。通过人工微小RNA（amiRNA）进行基因沉默是调控目标基因以改良园艺植物的潜在关键方法之一。同样，化学合成的miPEP的外部应用可能有助于植物抵抗生物/非生物胁迫并生长得更快。这些强大且可靠的miRNA基因衍生物可用于改善作物的有益性状。本综述总结了在调控植物发育、病毒和病虫害以及非生物胁迫抗性途径的人工基因衍生物研究方面取得的进展。我们还简要讨论了相关靶基因的分子机制，以供未来植物育种研究参考。总体而言，本综述可能对正在实施amiRNA和miPEP以加速作物育种计划和发育研究的研究人员有用。
