Owens Avalon Cs, Pocock Michael Jo, Seymoure Brett M
The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2024 Dec;66:101276. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101276. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Anthropogenic light pollution is an emerging threat to natural ecosystems with myriad effects on insects in particular. Insect conservationists are increasingly interested in mitigating this driver of insect declines via sustainable lighting practices. Current recommendations often follow the five principles for responsible outdoor lighting developed by DarkSky International, a nonprofit organization founded by astronomers. While these principles unquestionably increase star visibility, their ecological costs and benefits remain relatively unexplored. Herein, we review recent research into the effects of each principle on insect fitness broadly defined. Most studies test the efficacy of spectral tuning, followed by dimming, although both mitigation methods seem generally ineffective in practice. In contrast, both shielding and motion detectors show promise as mitigation methods but remain remarkably understudied. Nonetheless, a preponderance of evidence now demonstrates that removing unnecessary light sources from natural habitats can reverse their varied impacts on diverse insect taxa and greatly benefit insect conservation.
人为光污染是对自然生态系统的一种新出现的威胁，尤其对昆虫有各种各样的影响。昆虫保护主义者越来越有兴趣通过可持续照明做法来减轻这种导致昆虫数量下降的因素。目前的建议通常遵循由天文学家创立的非营利组织“国际暗天协会”制定的负责任户外照明的五项原则。虽然这些原则无疑提高了星星的可见度，但其生态成本和效益仍相对未被探索。在此，我们回顾了最近关于每项原则对广义上定义的昆虫适应性影响的研究。大多数研究测试了光谱调谐的效果，其次是调光，尽管这两种缓解方法在实践中似乎通常都无效。相比之下，遮光和运动探测器作为缓解方法显示出前景，但仍未得到充分研究。尽管如此，现在大量证据表明，从自然栖息地移除不必要的光源可以扭转它们对不同昆虫类群的各种影响，并极大地有利于昆虫保护。
