Sjamsudin Endang, Rafisa Anggun, Najmi Nuroh
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
Eur J Dent. 2025 May;19(2):382-388. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1788796. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
This study aimed to provide valuable insights into the variability of third molar positions and factors influencing their surgical time and technique.
This cross-sectional study included a total of 48 eligible participants, aged 18 to 45 years, diagnosed with impacted teeth, and who had undergone surgery. Exclusion criteria comprised the absence of the second molar, the presence of systemic diseases, a history of radiation therapy, and pregnancy or lactation. Participants completed a questionnaire covering demographic data, physical metrics, and information on systemic conditions and disorders. Preoperative assessments included vital sign measurements. Panoramic imaging was employed to evaluate the third molar distance to the occlusal plane, degrees of angulation, eruption space, and distance to the alveolar inferior canal. Surgical difficulty in this study was measured by two outcomes: surgical time and technique.
To assess differences in impacted third molar positions among groups, Independent samples -test and One-way analysis of variance were used for normally distributed data without outliers; otherwise, the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were utilized. The Spearman's rank correlation was utilized to explore relationships between vital signs, impacted third molar positions, surgical time, and surgical technique.
There were no significant differences in third molar positions between age and body mass index groups. Significant differences in distance to the occlusal plane were observed between third molars in quadrants 2 and 3 ( = 0.002) and quadrants 2 and 4 ( = 0.005). A significant difference in eruption space was found between sexes ( = 0.016). A significant negative correlation was discovered between surgical time and respiration rate per minute ( = 0.028).
This study found that males have greater third molar eruption space than females, and maxillary third molars have a greater distance to the occlusal plane compared with mandibular third molars. The importance of vital signs as contributing factors to surgical difficulty is highlighted, emphasizing their relevance in clinical practice.
本研究旨在深入了解第三磨牙位置的变异性以及影响其手术时间和技术的因素。
本横断面研究共纳入48名符合条件的参与者，年龄在18至45岁之间，被诊断为阻生牙且接受了手术。排除标准包括无第二磨牙、存在全身性疾病、有放射治疗史以及怀孕或哺乳期。参与者完成了一份涵盖人口统计学数据、身体指标以及全身状况和疾病信息的问卷。术前评估包括生命体征测量。采用全景成像评估第三磨牙到咬合平面的距离、倾斜度、萌出间隙以及到下颌管的距离。本研究中的手术难度通过两个指标衡量：手术时间和技术。
为评估各组间阻生第三磨牙位置的差异，对于无异常值的正态分布数据，使用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析；否则，采用曼-惠特尼U检验和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯H检验。采用斯皮尔曼等级相关性分析来探究生命体征、阻生第三磨牙位置、手术时间和手术技术之间的关系。
年龄组和体重指数组之间第三磨牙位置无显著差异。在第2象限和第3象限的第三磨牙之间（P = 0.002）以及第2象限和第4象限的第三磨牙之间（P = 0.005），观察到到咬合平面的距离存在显著差异。在性别之间发现萌出间隙存在显著差异（P = 0.016）。发现手术时间与每分钟呼吸频率之间存在显著负相关（P = 0.028）。
本研究发现男性的第三磨牙萌出间隙大于女性，并且上颌第三磨牙到咬合平面的距离比下颌第三磨牙更大。强调了生命体征作为手术难度影响因素的重要性，突出了它们在临床实践中的相关性。
