Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr Diabetes. 2024 Sep 27;14(1):78. doi: 10.1038/s41387-024-00333-y.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is evidence to support the hypothesis that a diet rich in antioxidants can help safeguard against the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: We included 1856 pregnant women in their first trimester from the Mothers and their Children's Health (MATCH) prospective cohort study. Prepregnancy dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and was used to calculate the DTAC score. Incident GDM was diagnosed based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. We estimated the association between DTAC and GDM using propensity score-based inverse probability weighting (IPW).
Overall, 369 (14.6%) of the pregnant women were identified with GDM. The mean DTAC score and the corresponding standard deviation (SD) was 2.82± (2.56) mmol/100 g, with a range of 0.01 to 18.55. The adjusted risk of GDM decreased by 34% (95% CI = 10%, 52%, p = 0.023) for each DTAC score increase. The results showed that women in the highest quartile of DTAC had a lower risk of developing GDM compared to those in the lowest quartile (adjusted RR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.68, p = 0.005).
DTAC in early pregnancy is significantly associated with a lower risk of GDM. Additional larger cohort studies are needed to validate these findings.
背景/目的：有证据支持这样一种假设，即富含抗氧化剂的饮食可以帮助预防妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的发生。本研究旨在探讨孕早期饮食总抗氧化能力（DTAC）与 GDM 风险之间的关系。
受试者/方法：我们纳入了来自母婴健康前瞻性队列研究（MATCH）的 1856 名孕早期妇女。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估孕前饮食摄入情况，并计算 DTAC 评分。根据美国糖尿病协会（ADA）的标准诊断 GDM。我们使用基于倾向评分的逆概率加权（IPW）估计 DTAC 与 GDM 之间的关联。
共有 1856 名孕妇，其中 369 名（14.6%）被诊断为 GDM。DTAC 评分的平均值和标准差（SD）为 2.82±（2.56）mmol/100g，范围为 0.01 至 18.55。调整后，DTAC 评分每增加 1 分，GDM 的风险降低 34%（95%CI=10%，52%，p=0.023）。结果显示，DTAC 评分最高四分位数的女性发生 GDM 的风险低于最低四分位数的女性（调整后的 RR：0.29，95%CI：0.12，0.68，p=0.005）。
孕早期的 DTAC 与 GDM 风险降低显著相关。需要开展更多的大型队列研究来验证这些发现。
