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利用固态 NMR 技术探索家蚕软、硬表皮的结构和动态特性。

Exploring the structure and dynamics of soft and hard cuticle of Bombyx mori using solid-state NMR techniques.

机构信息

Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India.

Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 27;14(1):22378. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69984-2.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-69984-2
PMID:39333695
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11437033/
Abstract

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis and comparison of Bombyx mori cuticles across different developmental stages, ranging from larval to adult, utilizing advanced solid-state NMR techniques. The primary objective is to elucidate the underlying reasons for the contrasting hardness of adult cuticles and softness of larval cuticles. Notably, PXRD analysis reveals a prominent broad peak at 19.34°, indicating the predominantly amorphous nature of both larval and adult cuticles. Analysis of C CP-MAS SSNMR spectra highlights an elevated proportion of phenoxy carbon in adult cuticles (6.77%) compared to larval cuticles (1.24%). Furthermore, a distinctive resonance line at 144 ppm is exclusively observed in adult cuticles, due to catechols, suggesting potential biochemical pathway variations during development. Significant variations in the primary components of C chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensors for aliphatic carbons of amino acids, catechols, and lipids between adult and larval cuticles indicate alterations in electronic environments. Additionally, the shorter spin-lattice relaxation time of carbon nuclei in larval cuticles compared to adult cuticles implies slower motional dynamics with enhanced degree of sclerotization in adults. By investigating the internal structure and dynamics of cuticles, this research not only contributes to biomimetic material development but also enhances our understanding of structural changes across different developmental stages of B. mori.

摘要

本研究采用先进的固态 NMR 技术，对家蚕不同发育阶段（从幼虫到成虫）的表皮进行全面分析和比较。主要目的是阐明成虫表皮硬度与幼虫表皮柔软度形成的原因。值得注意的是，PXRD 分析显示在 19.34°处有一个明显的宽峰，表明幼虫和成虫表皮主要为无定形。C CP-MAS SSNMR 光谱分析表明，成年表皮中苯氧基碳的比例（6.77%）明显高于幼虫表皮（1.24%）。此外，由于儿茶酚的存在，在成年表皮中观察到一个独特的 144 ppm 共振线，这表明在发育过程中可能存在生化途径的变化。成年和幼虫表皮中氨基酸、儿茶酚和脂质的脂肪族碳的 C 化学位移各向异性（CSA）张量的主要成分有显著差异，这表明电子环境发生了变化。此外，与成年表皮相比，幼虫表皮中碳核的自旋晶格弛豫时间更短，这意味着在成虫中，运动动力学更慢，矿化程度更高。通过研究表皮的内部结构和动力学，这项研究不仅有助于仿生材料的开发，而且加深了我们对家蚕不同发育阶段结构变化的理解。

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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fbb8/11437033/22cab4ab4c25/41598_2024_69984_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fbb8/11437033/a4582c6b0062/41598_2024_69984_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fbb8/11437033/a123c994bab5/41598_2024_69984_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fbb8/11437033/0f0dda2ffb11/41598_2024_69984_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fbb8/11437033/6cbb8899299e/41598_2024_69984_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fbb8/11437033/2d83fda46df2/41598_2024_69984_Fig11_HTML.jpg

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