Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
World Health Organization, Country Office, Accra, Ghana.
Malar J. 2024 Sep 27;23(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12936-024-05113-8.
In May 2019, Ghana piloted the introduction of RTS,S malaria vaccine into routine immunization in 42 districts of seven of the 16 regions. The RTS,S malaria vaccine implementation programme (MVIP) post-introduction evaluation (PIE) conducted in Ghana, assessed the immunization system as well as healthcare worker and caregiver experiences during the phase-one rollout but was less expressive on quantitative grading of the respective thematic areas of the vaccine introduction plan. Given the utility of summary statistics in programme evaluation and communication, this follow-up study aimed to provide an overall rating of the country's performance regarding the MVIP .
A retrospective study was conducted from 10th January to 5th February 2024. It involved review of records to assess key thematic areas of the national MVIP plan, using a study tool adapted from the WHO New Vaccine Introduction (NVI) checklist. A composite score ranging from zero to 100 per cent was generated to assess the country's overall performance regarding introduction of the malaria vaccine, rated on a Likert scale as comprehensive, good, fair, and poor.
The overall performance in the MVIP was rated 78.9% (30/38) corresponding to a grading of "good" on the Likert scale. Performance indicators under thematic areas including policy, national coordination mechanisms, waste management, health worker training, and pharmacovigilance were completely achieved. However, some weaknesses were exhibited in areas such as financial consideration, cold chain, logistics, and vaccine management, and monitoring and evaluation.
Ghana's MVIP demonstrated remarkable strengths worth leveraging to improve the national immunization programme. The weaknesses observed in some of the thematic areas present opportunities to engage key immunization partners and stakeholders towards aligning efforts to ensure a more robust expansion phase. The lessons from the MVIP may be relevant to areas introducing malaria vaccine irrespective of the product type-RTS,S or R21.
2019 年 5 月，加纳在 16 个地区中的 7 个地区的 42 个区试点将 RTS,S 疟疾疫苗纳入常规免疫接种。加纳进行的 RTS,S 疟疾疫苗实施规划（MVIP）引入后评估（PIE）评估了免疫接种系统以及医疗保健工作者和照顾者在第一阶段推出期间的经验，但对疫苗引入计划的各个专题领域的定量分级表达较少。鉴于总结统计数据在方案评估和交流中的实用性，本后续研究旨在对加纳在 MVIP 方面的表现进行全面评估。
这是一项回顾性研究，于 2024 年 1 月 10 日至 2 月 5 日进行。它涉及审查记录，以使用改编自世界卫生组织新疫苗引入（NVI）检查表的研究工具评估国家 MVIP 计划的关键专题领域。生成了一个从 0 到 100 ％的综合评分，以评估该国在引入疟疾疫苗方面的整体表现，按照李克特量表评为全面、良好、公平和差。
MVIP 的整体表现评分为 78.9％（30/38），对应于李克特量表上的“良好”评级。包括政策、国家协调机制、废物管理、卫生工作者培训和药物警戒在内的专题领域的绩效指标完全实现。然而，在财务考虑、冷链、物流和疫苗管理以及监测和评估等领域表现出一些弱点。
加纳的 MVIP 表现出值得利用的显著优势，以改善国家免疫规划。在一些专题领域观察到的弱点为接触关键免疫伙伴和利益攸关方提供了机会，以协调努力，确保更稳健的扩大阶段。MVIP 的经验教训可能与引入疟疾疫苗的地区相关，无论产品类型是 RTS,S 还是 R21。
