Piccirillo Alessandra, Tolosi Roberta, Mughini-Gras Lapo, Kers Jannigje G, Laconi Andrea
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Aug 26;13(9):808. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13090808.
Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) represent an ideal environment for biofilm formation, which can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to assess longitudinally the microbial community composition and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as determined by 16S rRNA NGS and qPCR, respectively, in drinking water (DW) and biofilm from DWDSs, as well as faeces, of free-range organic broiler farms. The role of DWDSs in AMR gene (ARG) dissemination within the farm environment and transmission to animals, was also assessed. DW and biofilm microbial communities differed from those of faecal samples. Moreover, potentially pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcaceae) were identified in water and biofilms. High prevalence and abundance of ARGs conferring resistance to carbapenems (i.e., ), 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins (i.e., ), (fluoro)quinolones (i.e., ), and polymyxins (i.e., and ) were detected in DW, biofilm, and faecal samples, which is of concern for both animal and human health. Although other factors (e.g., feed, pests, and wildlife) may contribute to the dissemination of AMR in free-range organic poultry farms, this study indicates that DWDSs can also play a role.
饮用水分配系统（DWDSs）是生物膜形成的理想环境，生物膜中可能存在致病细菌和耐药菌。本研究旨在纵向评估散养有机肉鸡场的饮用水（DW）、DWDSs中的生物膜以及粪便中微生物群落组成和抗菌药物耐药性（AMR），分别通过16S rRNA二代测序（NGS）和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）进行测定。还评估了DWDSs在农场环境中AMR基因（ARG）传播以及向动物传播方面的作用。DW和生物膜中的微生物群落与粪便样本不同。此外，在水和生物膜中鉴定出了潜在的致病和机会性细菌（如葡萄球菌科）。在DW、生物膜和粪便样本中检测到对碳青霉烯类（即 ）、第三代和第四代头孢菌素（即 ）、（氟）喹诺酮类（即 ）和多粘菌素（即 和 ）具有耐药性的ARGs的高流行率和丰度，这对动物和人类健康都构成了威胁。尽管其他因素（如饲料、害虫和野生动物）可能导致散养有机家禽场中AMR的传播，但本研究表明DWDSs也可能起到一定作用。
