Semenova Yuliya, Kussainova Assiya, Kassym Laura, Aimurziyeva Ainur, Semenov Daniil, Lim Lisa
School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Department of General Practice with a Course of Evidence-Based Medicine, NJSC "Astana Medical University", Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Sep 6;13(9):857. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13090857.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: While multiple studies have investigated antibiotic consumption rates, there are few studies on the consumption of systemic antifungals and antiprotozoals. This study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of nationwide consumption trends in Kazakhstan over a seven-year period (2017-2023).
Defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day were calculated for systemic antifungals (J02 code of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC)) and antiprotozoals (P01 code of the ATC). Time series analyses were applied to examine historical trends, evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and make future projections until 2030.
The total consumption increased over the study period, with an average annual percent change of 1.11% for antifungals and 5.48% for antiprotozoals. Fluconazole was the most consumed antifungal agent, whereas metronidazole was the most consumed antiprotozoal agent. The COVID-19 pandemic had a positive but insignificant effect on the consumption of antifungals and a negative and also insignificant effect on the consumption of antiprotozoals. Forecast modeling indicates that the future trends in antifungal and antiprotozoal consumption until 2030 will largely remain stable, with the exception of antiprotozoal consumption in the hospital sector, which is projected to decline.
These findings offer valuable insights into the development and implementation of targeted antimicrobial stewardship programs in Kazakhstan.
背景/目的：虽然多项研究调查了抗生素的使用量，但关于全身性抗真菌药和抗原虫药使用情况的研究较少。本研究旨在通过全面分析哈萨克斯坦2017年至2023年这七年期间全国范围内的使用趋势来填补这一空白。
计算全身性抗真菌药（解剖治疗化学分类系统（ATC）的J02编码）和抗原虫药（ATC的P01编码）每千居民每日的限定日剂量。应用时间序列分析来研究历史趋势、评估新冠疫情的影响，并对2030年之前的未来情况进行预测。
在研究期间，总使用量有所增加，抗真菌药的年均变化百分比为1.11%，抗原虫药为5.48%。氟康唑是使用量最大的抗真菌药物，而甲硝唑是使用量最大的抗原虫药物。新冠疫情对抗真菌药的使用有积极但不显著的影响，对抗原虫药的使用有消极且同样不显著的影响。预测模型表明，到2030年，抗真菌药和抗原虫药的未来使用趋势将基本保持稳定，但医院部门的抗原虫药使用量预计会下降。
这些发现为哈萨克斯坦制定和实施有针对性的抗菌药物管理计划提供了有价值的见解。
