Landi Matteo, Preti Michele, Masetti Antonio, Spinelli Francesco
ASTRA Innovazione e Sviluppo, 48018 Faenza, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Insects. 2024 Sep 20;15(9):723. doi: 10.3390/insects15090723.
Kiwifruit () cultivation is expanding worldwide, with China, New Zealand, and Italy being the major producing countries. , the brown marmorated stink bug, is raising serious concerns to kiwifruit cultivation both in China and Italy. This study aimed at improving the chemical control efficacy against this pest by comparing two insecticide spray techniques (a conventional ray atomizer and a trumpet-modified atomizer adapted for localized spray application) in kiwifruit. In fact, kiwifruit is often grown with a 'pergola' training system, which may reduce the effectiveness of insecticide penetration into the canopy. Experiments were performed in naturally infested orchards of both var. 'Jintao' and var. 'Hayward'. Furthermore, mesh cages containing adults were deployed within orchards to assess the insects' mortality at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after an insecticide application with two spray techniques during two consecutive seasons. In the cultivar 'Jintao', the two systems performed similarly, while in the cultivar 'Hayward', an overall significantly higher insect mortality was recorded with the trumpet atomizer (94-100%) compared to the conventional atomizer (59-78%). Crop damage was also evaluated on both cultivars, simulating the grower insecticide applications with the two spray techniques. At harvest, no difference emerged between the spray techniques, which provided a significantly better protection compared to the untreated control (12-17% compared to 33-47% of injured fruits). Further investigations in this direction are needed also considering the restriction of insecticidal active substances ongoing in the European Union and the need to maximize the efficacy of the available tools.
猕猴桃（）种植正在全球范围内扩大，中国、新西兰和意大利是主要生产国。，即褐边绿刺蛾，在中国和意大利都给猕猴桃种植带来了严重问题。本研究旨在通过比较猕猴桃上两种杀虫剂喷雾技术（传统的射线雾化器和适用于局部喷雾应用的喇叭形改良雾化器）来提高对这种害虫的化学防治效果。事实上，猕猴桃通常采用“棚架”栽培系统种植，这可能会降低杀虫剂渗透到树冠层的效果。在自然感染的‘金桃’品种和‘海沃德’品种果园中进行了实验。此外，在果园内设置了装有成虫的网笼，以评估在连续两个季节中使用两种喷雾技术施用杀虫剂后1天、3天、7天和10天昆虫的死亡率。在‘金桃’品种中，两种系统表现相似，而在‘海沃德’品种中，与传统雾化器（59 - 78%）相比，喇叭形雾化器记录的昆虫总体死亡率显著更高（94 - 100%）。还对两个品种的作物损害进行了评估，模拟种植者使用两种喷雾技术施用杀虫剂的情况。收获时，两种喷雾技术之间没有差异，与未处理的对照相比，它们提供了显著更好的保护（受伤果实为12 - 17%，而未处理对照为33 - 47%）。考虑到欧盟正在对杀虫活性物质进行限制以及需要最大限度地提高现有工具的功效，还需要在这个方向上进行进一步研究。
