Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Aug 31;15(9):1150. doi: 10.3390/genes15091150.
Wheat ( L.) is a crucial cereal crop, contributing around 20% of global caloric intake. However, challenges such as diminishing arable land, water shortages, and climate change threaten wheat production, making yield enhancement crucial for global food security. The heading date (HD) is a critical factor influencing wheat's growth cycle, harvest timing, climate adaptability, and yield. Understanding the genetic determinants of HD is essential for developing high-yield and stable wheat varieties. This study used a doubled haploid (DH) population from a cross between Jinmai 47 and Jinmai 84. QTL analysis of HD was performed under three phosphorus (P) treatments (low, medium, and normal) across six environments, using Wheat15K high-density SNP technology. The study identified 39 QTLs for HD, distributed across ten chromosomes, accounting for 2.39% to 29.52% of the phenotypic variance. Notably, five stable and major QTLs (, , , , and ) were consistently detected across varying P conditions. The additive effects of these major QTLs showed that favorable alleles significantly delayed HD. There was a clear trend of increasing HD delay as the number of favorable alleles increased. Among them, , , and were identified as novel QTLs with no prior reports of HD QTLs/genes in their respective intervals. Candidate gene analysis highlighted seven highly expressed genes related to Ca transport, hormone signaling, glycosylation, and zinc finger proteins, likely involved in HD regulation. This research elucidates the genetic basis of wheat HD under P stress, providing critical insights for breeding high-yield, stable wheat varieties suited to low-P environments.
小麦（L.）是一种至关重要的谷类作物，约占全球热量摄入的 20%。然而，耕地减少、水资源短缺和气候变化等挑战威胁着小麦生产，因此提高产量对于全球粮食安全至关重要。开花期（HD）是影响小麦生长周期、收获时间、气候适应性和产量的关键因素。了解 HD 的遗传决定因素对于开发高产、稳定的小麦品种至关重要。本研究利用晋麦 47 和晋麦 84 杂交的加倍单倍体（DH）群体，在六个环境下，采用 Wheat15K 高密度 SNP 技术，对低磷、中磷和正常磷三种磷处理下的 HD 进行了 QTL 分析。研究共鉴定到 39 个 HD QTL，分布在 10 条染色体上，占表型方差的 2.39%至 29.52%。值得注意的是，在不同的磷条件下，有五个稳定且主要的 QTL（、、、、和）始终被检测到。这些主要 QTL 的加性效应表明，有利等位基因显著延迟了 HD。随着有利等位基因数量的增加，HD 延迟的趋势明显增加。其中、、和被鉴定为新的 QTL，在各自的区间内没有关于 HD QTL/基因的先前报道。候选基因分析突出了七个与钙运输、激素信号转导、糖基化和锌指蛋白相关的高表达基因，这些基因可能参与了 HD 的调控。本研究阐明了 P 胁迫下小麦 HD 的遗传基础，为培育适应低磷环境的高产、稳定小麦品种提供了重要的见解。
