Determinants of Disease Progression in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

BACKGROUND

Despite its severity, there has been a lack of adequate study on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Ethiopia. This study assessed the clinical profile and determinant factors contributing to renal disease progression.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted on 114 patients for 6 years in Addis Ababa. Patients with ADPKD who had follow-up visits at two health centers were included.

RESULTS

The mean age at diagnosis was 42.7 ± 12.7 years, with 43% reporting a positive family history of ADPKD. Approximately 22 patients (20%) developed end-stage renal disease, and 12 patients died. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at the initial visit was 72.4 mL/min/1.73 m. The key risk factors associated with disease progression included younger age at diagnosis [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98; = 0.007], male gender (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3-15.95, = 0.017), higher baseline systolic blood pressure (aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10, = 0.026), and the presence of comorbidities (aOR: 3.95, 95% CI: 1.10-14.33, = 0.037). The progression of renal disease in ADPKD patients significantly correlates with age at diagnosis, gender, presence of comorbidities, and higher baseline systolic blood pressure.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings underscore the importance of early detection and management of hypertension and comorbidities in ADPKD patients to mitigate disease progression and improve treatment outcomes.