Camele Ippolito, Mohamed Amira A, Ibrahim Amira A, Elshafie Hazem S
Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
Department of Basic Science, Zagazig Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Sep 17;13(18):2598. doi: 10.3390/plants13182598.
Chitin (Ct) is a crucial biopolymer present in fungi, algae, arthropods, and is usually obtained from crustacean shells. Chitosan (Cs) is a derivative from Ct deacetylation, and possesses numerous uses in various agro-industrial fields. Research on fungal-derived Ct and Cs is mostly focused on pharmaceutical uses, however their uses for plant disease control remain less explored. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the possibility of using chitosan obtained from mushroom (Cs-Pe) for controlling some phytopathogens compared to commercial chitosan (C.Cs). This study is focused on the following key areas: (i) extracting Ct from mycelium and converting it to Cs through deacetylation, using both bleaching and non-bleaching methods; (ii) conducting a physico-chemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the obtained Cs; (iii) performing an in vivo assessment of the phytotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Cs; and (iv) investigating in vivo the impact of the studied chitosan on fruit quality and its biocontrol efficacy against infections in plum fruits. Results showed that Cs-Pe, especially the unbleached one, displayed promising in vitro antimicrobial activity against the majority of tested pathogens. Regarding the cytotoxicity, the highest significant increase in cell abnormality percentage was observed in the case of C.Cs compared to Cs-Pe. In the in vivo study, Cs-Pe acted as a protective barrier, lowering and/or preventing moisture loss and firmness of treated plums. The studied Cs-Pe demonstrated notable efficacy against which decreased the fruits' percentage decline. These results strongly suggest that Cs derived from is a potential candidate for increasing plums' shelf-life. This research shed light on the promising applications of -derived Cs in the agri-food field.
几丁质（Ct）是一种存在于真菌、藻类、节肢动物中的重要生物聚合物，通常从甲壳类动物的外壳中获取。壳聚糖（Cs）是Ct脱乙酰化的衍生物，在各种农业工业领域有多种用途。对真菌来源的Ct和Cs的研究大多集中在医药用途上，然而它们在植物病害防治方面的应用仍较少被探索。本研究的主要目的是评估与商业壳聚糖（C.Cs）相比，使用从蘑菇中获得的壳聚糖（Cs-Pe）控制一些植物病原体的可能性。本研究集中在以下关键领域：（i）使用漂白和非漂白方法从菌丝体中提取Ct并通过脱乙酰化将其转化为Cs；（ii）对获得的Cs进行物理化学表征和抗菌活性的体外评估；（iii）对Cs的植物毒性和细胞毒性作用进行体内评估；（iv）在体内研究所研究的壳聚糖对果实品质的影响及其对李子果实感染的生物防治效果。结果表明，Cs-Pe，尤其是未漂白的Cs-Pe，对大多数测试病原体表现出有前景的体外抗菌活性。关于细胞毒性，与Cs-Pe相比，C.Cs情况下观察到细胞异常百分比的最高显著增加。在体内研究中，Cs-Pe起到了保护屏障的作用，降低和/或防止了处理过的李子的水分流失和硬度下降。所研究的Cs-Pe对[此处原文缺失相关内容]表现出显著效果，降低了果实的下降百分比。这些结果强烈表明，从[此处原文缺失相关内容]获得的Cs是延长李子保质期的潜在候选物。这项研究揭示了[此处原文缺失相关内容]来源的Cs在农业食品领域的有前景的应用。
