SARS-CoV-2 血清阳性率在养老院工作人员和居民在第一波 SARS-CoV-2 在佛兰德斯,比利时。
SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity in Nursing Home Staff and Residents during the First SARS-CoV-2 Wave in Flanders, Belgium.
机构信息
LUHTAR, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Research and Analytics, Liantis Occupational Health Services, 8000 Bruges, Belgium.
出版信息
Viruses. 2024 Sep 14;16(9):1461. doi: 10.3390/v16091461.
(1) Background: early in the COVID-19 pandemic, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was limited. Assessing seroprevalence helps understand prevalence and reinfection risk. However, such data are lacking for the first epidemic wave in Belgian nursing homes. Therefore, we assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and cumulative RT-PCR positivity in Belgian nursing homes and evaluated reinfection risk. (2) Methods: we performed a cross-sectional study in nine nursing homes in April and May 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to compare the odds of (re)infection between seropositive and seronegative participants. (3) Results: seroprevalence was 21% (95% CI: 18-23): 22% (95% CI: 18-25) in residents and 20% (95% CI: 17-24) in staff. By 20 May 2020, cumulative RT-PCR positivity was 16% (95% CI: 13-21) in residents and 8% (95% CI: 6-12) in staff. ORs for (re)infection in seropositive (compared to seronegative) residents and staff were 0.22 (95% CI: 0.06-0.72) and 3.15 (95% CI: 1.56-6.63), respectively. (4) Conclusion: during the first wave, RT-PCR test programmes underestimated the number of COVID-19 cases. The reinfection rate in residents was 3%, indicating protection, while it was 21% in staff, potentially due to less cautious health behaviour. Future outbreaks should use both RT-PCR and serological testing for complementary insights into transmission dynamics.
(1) 背景：在 COVID-19 大流行早期，逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 检测受到限制。评估血清流行率有助于了解流行程度和再感染风险。然而，对于比利时养老院的第一波疫情，缺乏此类数据。因此，我们评估了比利时养老院中 SARS-CoV-2 的血清流行率和累计 RT-PCR 阳性率，并评估了再感染风险。(2) 方法：我们在 2020 年 4 月至 5 月在 9 家养老院进行了一项横断面研究。计算比值比 (OR) 以比较血清阳性和血清阴性参与者之间（再）感染的几率。(3) 结果：血清流行率为 21%（95%CI：18-23）：居民为 22%（95%CI：18-25），工作人员为 20%（95%CI：17-24）。到 2020 年 5 月 20 日，居民的累计 RT-PCR 阳性率为 16%（95%CI：13-21），工作人员为 8%（95%CI：6-12）。血清阳性（与血清阴性相比）居民和工作人员的（再）感染的 OR 分别为 0.22（95%CI：0.06-0.72）和 3.15（95%CI：1.56-6.63）。(4) 结论：在第一波疫情中，RT-PCR 检测方案低估了 COVID-19 病例数。居民的再感染率为 3%，表明有保护作用，而工作人员的再感染率为 21%，可能是由于健康行为不够谨慎。未来的疫情爆发应同时使用 RT-PCR 和血清学检测，以互补了解传播动态。
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