Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain.
Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Dec 1;362:125034. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125034. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
The global impact of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) on non-target species is well-recognized. Birds of prey, as apex predators, are highly vulnerable to AR exposure and are widely used as biomonitors for priority pollutants in Europe. This study investigates differential SGAR exposure in raptors from insular versus continental regions, hypothesizing greater exposure in insular areas due to ecological factors like reduced prey diversity, intensive rodenticide use, and resistant rodent populations. We analyzed the livers of 190 common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and 104 common buzzards (Buteo buteo) across the Iberian Peninsula and its archipelagos using LC-MS/MS to assess their role as AR sentinels and the differences between insular and continental areas. Results revealed a high prevalence (>80%) of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs), with brodifacoum and bromadiolone, being the most frequent. Multiple SGAR detections were also common (≈50%). A binomial logistic regression showed that species and region significantly influence the likelihood of SGAR exposure. Kestrels had a greater probability of exceeding 100 ng/g wet weight (ww) compared to buzzards. Raptors from insular territories were ten times more likely to have higher SGAR concentrations than those from continental areas. However, the legal restriction on SGAR bait concentrations that came into effect in 2018 did not significantly impact exposure levels. This study highlights the need for targeted conservation efforts to mitigate AR exposure risk in vulnerable island ecosystems.
抗凝血灭鼠剂（ARs）对非目标物种的全球影响已得到广泛认可。猛禽作为顶级掠食者，极易受到 AR 暴露的影响，因此被广泛用作欧洲优先污染物的生物监测器。本研究调查了岛屿和大陆地区猛禽中 SGAR 的差异暴露情况，假设岛屿地区由于生态因素，如猎物多样性减少、杀鼠剂使用密集以及抗药性鼠群，暴露程度更大。我们使用 LC-MS/MS 分析了伊比利亚半岛及其群岛上 190 只红隼（Falco tinnunculus）和 104 只普通鹰（Buteo buteo）的肝脏，以评估它们作为 AR 哨兵的作用，以及岛屿和大陆地区之间的差异。结果显示，第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂（SGARs）的高流行率（>80%），其中溴鼠灵和溴敌隆最为常见。多 SGAR 检测也很常见（≈50%）。二项逻辑回归表明，物种和地区显著影响 SGAR 暴露的可能性。与普通鹰相比，红隼有更高的概率超过 100ng/g 湿重（ww）。来自岛屿地区的猛禽比来自大陆地区的猛禽更有可能具有更高的 SGAR 浓度，其可能性高出十倍。然而，2018 年生效的 SGAR 诱饵浓度的法律限制并没有显著影响暴露水平。本研究强调需要采取有针对性的保护措施，以减轻脆弱的岛屿生态系统中的 AR 暴露风险。
