Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
BMC Microbiol. 2024 Sep 28;24(1):376. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03523-x.
The Calakmul Biosphere Reserve (CBR) is known for its rich animal and plant biodiversity, yet its microbial communities remain largely unknown. The reserve does not possess permanent bodies of water; nevertheless, seasonal depressions associated with fractures create wetlands, known locally as aguadas. Given the recent construction of the Maya train that crosses the CRB, it is essential to assess the biodiversity of its microorganisms and recognize their potential as a valuable source of goods. This evaluation is pivotal in mitigating potential mismanagement of the forest ecosystem. To enhance comprehension of microbial communities, we characterized the microbiota in three different wetlands. Ag-UD1 and Ag-UD2 wetlands are located in a zone without human disturbances, while the third, Ag-SU3, is in a semi-urbanized zone. Sampling was carried out over three years (2017, 2018, and 2019), enabling the monitoring of spatiotemporal variations in bacterial community diversity. The characterization of microbiome composition was conducted using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Concurrently, the genomic potential of select samples was examined through shotgun metagenomics.
Statistical analysis of alpha and beta diversity indices showed significant differences among the bacterial communities found in undisturbed sites Ag-UD1 and Ag-UD2 compared to Ag-SU3. However, no significant differences were observed among sites belonging to the undisturbed area. Furthermore, a comparative analysis at the zone level reveals substantial divergence among the communities, indicating that the geographic location of the samples significantly influences these patterns. The bacterial communities in the CBR wetlands predominantly consist of genera from phyla Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria.
This characterization has identified the composition of microbial communities and provided the initial overview of the metabolic capacities of the microbiomes inhabiting the aguadas across diverse conservation zones. The three sites exhibit distinct microbial compositions, suggesting that variables such as chemical composition, natural and anthropogenic disturbances, vegetation, and fauna may play a pivotal role in determining the microbial structure of the aguadas. This study establishes a foundational baseline for evaluating the impact of climatic factors and human interventions on critical environments such as wetlands.
卡拉科尔生物圈保护区（CBR）以其丰富的动植物生物多样性而闻名，但微生物群落仍知之甚少。保护区没有永久性水体;然而，与裂缝相关的季节性洼地会形成湿地，当地称为aguadas。鉴于最近修建的穿越 CBR 的玛雅火车，评估其微生物的生物多样性并认识到它们作为有价值商品来源的潜力至关重要。这种评估对于减轻森林生态系统潜在的管理不善至关重要。为了增强对微生物群落的理解，我们对三个不同湿地的微生物群进行了特征描述。Ag-UD1 和 Ag-UD2 湿地位于无人干扰区，而第三个 Ag-SU3 湿地位于半城市化区。采样工作进行了三年（2017 年、2018 年和 2019 年），能够监测细菌群落多样性的时空变化。通过 16S rRNA 代谢组学对微生物组组成进行了特征描述。同时，通过 shotgun 宏基因组学检查了选定样本的基因组潜力。
对 alpha 和 beta 多样性指数的统计分析表明，与 Ag-SU3 相比，未受干扰的 Ag-UD1 和 Ag-UD2 站点的细菌群落存在显著差异。然而，未受干扰区域的站点之间没有观察到显著差异。此外，在区域水平上的比较分析表明，群落之间存在很大的差异，表明样本的地理位置对这些模式有重大影响。CBR 湿地的细菌群落主要由放线菌门、酸杆菌门和变形菌门的属组成。
本研究对微生物群落的组成进行了特征描述，并初步概述了栖息在不同保护区的 aguadas 微生物群落的代谢能力。三个地点的微生物组成存在明显差异，这表明化学组成、自然和人为干扰、植被和动物群等变量可能在决定 aguadas 的微生物结构方面发挥关键作用。本研究为评估气候因素和人类干预对湿地等关键环境的影响奠定了基础。
