Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaounde, Cameroon.
Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
BMC Microbiol. 2024 Sep 28;24(1):373. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03531-x.
Tsetse flies, the biological vectors of African trypanosomes, have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria. Their vector competence is suggested to be affected by bacterial endosymbionts. The current study provided the prevalence of three tsetse symbiotic bacteria and trypanosomes in Glossina species from Burkina Faso.
A total of 430 tsetse flies were captured using biconical traps in four different collection sites around Bobo-Dioulasso (Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni), and their guts were removed. Two hundred tsetse were randomly selected and their guts were screened by PCR for the presence of Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp., Wolbachia and trypanosomes. Of the 200 tsetse, 196 (98.0%) were Glossina palpalis gambiensis and 4 (2.0%) Glossina tachinoides. The overall symbiont prevalence was 49.0%, 96.5%, and 45.0%, respectively for S. glossinidius, Spiroplasma and Wolbachia. Prevalence varied between sampling locations: S. glossinidius (54.7%, 38.5%, 31.6%, 70.8%); Spiroplasma (100%, 100%, 87.7%, 100%); and Wolbachia (43.4%, 38.5%, 38.6%, 70.8%), respectively in Bama, Bana, Nasso and Peni. Noteworthy, no G. tachnoides was infected by S. glossinidius and Wolbachia, but they were all infected by Spiroplasma sp. A total of 196 (98.0%) harbored at least one endosymbionts. Fifty-five (27.5%) carried single endosymbiont. Trypanosomes were found only in G. p. gambiensis, but not G. tachinoides. Trypanosomes were present in flies from all study locations with an overall prevalence of 29.5%. In Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni, the trypanosome infection rate was respectively 39.6%, 23.1%, 8.8%, and 37.5%. Remarkably, only Trypanosoma grayi was present. Of all trypanosome-infected flies, 55.9%, 98.3%, and 33.9% hosted S. glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia, respectively. There was no association between Sodalis, Spiroplasma and trypanosome presence, but there was a negative association with Wolbachia presence. We reported 1.9 times likelihood of trypanosome absence when Wolbachia was present.
This is the first survey reporting the presence of Trypanosoma grayi in tsetse from Burkina Faso. Tsetse from these localities were highly positive for symbiotic bacteria, more predominantly with Spiroplasma sp. Modifications of symbiotic interactions may pave way for disease control.
采采蝇是非洲锥虫的生物媒介，与不同的细菌建立了共生关系。它们的媒介能力被认为受到细菌共生体的影响。本研究提供了布基纳法索 Glossina 物种中三种采采蝇共生细菌和锥虫的流行情况。
在博博迪乌拉索（巴马、巴纳、纳索和佩尼）的四个不同采集点使用双锥形诱捕器共捕获了 430 只采采蝇，并取出它们的肠道。随机选择 200 只采采蝇，并通过 PCR 筛选它们的肠道中是否存在 Sodalis glossinidius、Spiroplasma sp.、Wolbachia 和锥虫。在 200 只采采蝇中，196（98.0%）为冈比亚舌蝇 G. palpalis gambiensis，4（2.0%）为 G. tachinoides。S. glossinidius、Spiroplasma 和 Wolbachia 的共生体总流行率分别为 49.0%、96.5%和 45.0%。采样地点之间的流行率存在差异：S. glossinidius（54.7%、38.5%、31.6%、70.8%）；Spiroplasma（100%、100%、87.7%、100%）；和 Wolbachia（43.4%、38.5%、38.6%、70.8%），分别在巴马、巴纳、纳索和佩尼。值得注意的是，没有 G. tachnoides 被 S. glossinidius 和 Wolbachia 感染，但它们都被 Spiroplasma sp. 感染。总共 196（98.0%）至少携带一种内共生体。55（27.5%）只携带单一内共生体。只有 G. p. gambiensis 中发现了锥虫，但 G. tachinoides 中没有。在所有研究地点的采采蝇中均发现锥虫，总流行率为 29.5%。在巴马、巴纳、纳索和佩尼，锥虫感染率分别为 39.6%、23.1%、8.8%和 37.5%。值得注意的是，仅存在锥虫 T. grayi。在所有感染锥虫的采采蝇中，分别有 55.9%、98.3%和 33.9%的采采蝇携带 S. glossinidius、Spiroplasma sp. 和 Wolbachia。Sodalis、Spiroplasma 和锥虫的存在之间没有关联，但与 Wolbachia 的存在呈负相关。当存在 Wolbachia 时，锥虫不存在的可能性增加了 1.9 倍。
这是首次报道布基纳法索采采蝇中存在锥虫 T. grayi。这些地方的采采蝇对共生细菌高度呈阳性，更主要的是与 Spiroplasma sp. 相关。共生相互作用的改变可能为疾病控制铺平道路。
