Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris , Paris 75005, France.
Université Paris Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2024 Nov 18;379(1914):20230368. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0368. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Autophagy is a highly conserved 'self-digesting' mechanism used in eukaryotes to degrade and recycle cellular components by enclosing them in a double membrane compartment and delivering them to lytic organelles (lysosomes or vacuoles). Extensive studies in plants have revealed how autophagy is intricately linked to essential aspects of metabolism and growth, in both normal and stress conditions, including cellular and organelle homeostasis, nutrient recycling, development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, senescence and cell death. However, knowledge regarding autophagic processes in other photosynthetic organisms remains limited. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current understanding of autophagy in algae from a metabolic, molecular and evolutionary perspective. We focus on the composition and conservation of the autophagy molecular machinery in eukaryotes and discuss the role of autophagy in metabolic regulation, cellular homeostasis and stress adaptation in algae. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
自噬是一种高度保守的“自我消化”机制，真核生物通过将细胞成分包裹在双层膜隔室中，并将其递送至溶酶体或液泡等裂解细胞器来降解和回收细胞成分。在植物中的广泛研究揭示了自噬如何与代谢和生长的各个方面密切相关，包括细胞和细胞器的稳态、营养物质的回收、发育、对生物和非生物胁迫的响应、衰老和细胞死亡等，在正常和应激条件下都是如此。然而，关于其他光合生物中自噬过程的知识仍然有限。在这篇综述中，我们试图从代谢、分子和进化的角度来总结藻类中自噬的现有认识。我们重点介绍了真核生物中自噬分子机制的组成和保守性，并讨论了自噬在藻类的代谢调控、细胞稳态和应激适应中的作用。本文是“植物代谢的进化”主题特刊的一部分。
