Sánchez Garrido Isabel, Ramírez Lucía, Muñoz Corcuera Marta, Garrido Estela, Sánchez Lorenzo, Martínez Acitores María Luisa, Hernández Gonzalo, López-Pintor Rosa María
ORALMED Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Science, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2024 Nov;53(10):622-636. doi: 10.1111/jop.13583. Epub 2024 Sep 29.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with salivary disorders such as xerostomia and hyposalivation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these disorders and their risk factors in DM patients.
DM patients from two health centers were included. Epidemiological and DM control-related variables were collected. Xerostomia Inventory was filled out by the patients and unstimulated whole salivary flow was collected. Logistic regression tests were performed.
A total of 168 patients were included (46.4% men, 53.6% women, mean age 72.54 [SD 11.03 years]). Thirteen patients had Type 1 DM and 155 had Type 2 DM. 52.4% experienced xerostomia and 41.1% had unstimulated whole salivary flow hyposalivation. Women were more likely to suffer hyposalivation than men (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.32-4.73; p = 0.005). Patients with T2DM were less likely to suffer UWS hyposalivation than T1DM patients (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.95; p = 0.04). Glycemic control was not significantly worse in patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation. The drugs for the treatment of DM were not associated with salivary disorders. However, some drugs to treat other comorbidities such hypertension and neurological diseases were associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation.
The prevalence of xerostomia and unstimulated whole salivary flow hyposalivation in patients with DM is high. Female sex, T1DM, and the use of certain non-antidiabetic drugs increased the risk of suffering these disorders. The possible association between DM, xerostomia, and/or hyposalivation is complex and may be influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate whether DM influences these salivary disorders.
糖尿病（DM）与诸如口干症和唾液分泌减少等唾液腺疾病有关。本研究的目的是确定这些疾病在糖尿病患者中的患病率及其危险因素。
纳入来自两个健康中心的糖尿病患者。收集流行病学和糖尿病控制相关变量。患者填写口干症量表，并收集非刺激性全唾液流量。进行逻辑回归测试。
共纳入168例患者（男性46.4%，女性53.6%，平均年龄72.54岁[标准差11.03岁]）。13例患有1型糖尿病，155例患有2型糖尿病。52.4%的患者有口干症，41.1%的患者非刺激性全唾液流量减少。女性比男性更易出现唾液分泌减少（比值比2.5，95%置信区间1.32 - 4.73；p = 0.005）。2型糖尿病患者比1型糖尿病患者出现非刺激性全唾液流量减少的可能性更小（比值比0.28，95%置信区间0.08 - 0.95；p = 0.04）。口干症和唾液分泌减少患者的血糖控制情况并无显著更差。治疗糖尿病的药物与唾液腺疾病无关。然而，一些治疗其他合并症（如高血压和神经疾病）的药物与口干症和唾液分泌减少有关。
糖尿病患者中口干症和非刺激性全唾液流量减少的患病率较高。女性、1型糖尿病以及某些非抗糖尿病药物的使用增加了患这些疾病的风险。糖尿病、口干症和/或唾液分泌减少之间的可能关联较为复杂，可能受多种因素影响。因此，需要进一步研究以评估糖尿病是否会影响这些唾液腺疾病。
