School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Sep 13;12:1441703. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1441703. eCollection 2024.
Leisure activities serve as key measures to enhance the subjective happiness of middle-aged and older adults individuals and to positively address the challenges of an aging society; however, the trajectory of changes in their participation in leisure activities and how these changes relate to shifts in subjective happiness have not been adequately explored.
This study selected data from the China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which included a total of 5,190 middle-aged and older adults people. Linear and nonlinear latent growth models, parallel latent growth models and cross-lagged models were constructed to investigate the influence and lagged relationship between the trajectory of changes in the level of participation in leisure activities on the trajectory of changes in the subjective well-being of middle-aged and older adults people.
The initial level of physical activity participation of middle-aged and older adults people significantly predicted the initial level ( = 1. 203, < 0.001) and rate of change ( = -0.138, = 0.016) of their subjective well-being, and the trajectory of change of middle-aged and older adults people's physical activity also significantly predicted the rate of change of their subjective well-being ( = 0.582, = 0.003). Meanwhile, the initial level of social activity of middle-aged and older adults people also effectively predicted the initial level of their subjective well-being ( = 0.048, < 0.001). At the same time, the covariates (gender, age, level of education, marital status, chronic disease) also predicted the initial level and rate of change of leisure activity participation level and subjective well-being. Finally, the cross-lagged model test confirmed the predictive effect of leisure activity participation level on subjective well-being of middle-aged and older adults people.
This study confirms that the level of participation in leisure activities of Chinese middle-aged and older adults people has a significant predictive effect on their subjective happiness and that there is a significant correlation between the trajectory of changes in the level of participation in leisure activities and the trajectory of changes in subjective happiness.
休闲活动是提高中年和老年人主观幸福感的重要措施，也是积极应对老龄化社会挑战的重要手段。然而，人们参与休闲活动的轨迹变化以及这些变化与主观幸福感的变化之间的关系尚未得到充分探讨。
本研究选取中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）的数据，共纳入 5190 名中年和老年人。构建线性和非线性潜增长模型、平行潜增长模型和交叉滞后模型，以探讨参与休闲活动水平变化轨迹对中年和老年人主观幸福感变化轨迹的影响和滞后关系。
中年和老年人初始体力活动参与水平显著预测其主观幸福感的初始水平（ = 1. 203， < 0.001）和变化率（ = -0.138， = 0.016），中年和老年人体力活动变化轨迹也显著预测其主观幸福感的变化率（ = 0.582， = 0.003）。同时，中年和老年人初始社会活动水平也能有效预测其主观幸福感的初始水平（ = 0.048， < 0.001）。同时，协变量（性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、慢性病）也预测了休闲活动参与水平和主观幸福感的初始水平和变化率。最后，交叉滞后模型检验证实了休闲活动参与水平对中年和老年人主观幸福感的预测作用。
本研究证实，中国中年和老年人参与休闲活动的水平对其主观幸福感有显著的预测作用，且参与休闲活动水平的变化轨迹与主观幸福感的变化轨迹之间存在显著的相关性。
