Hadier Syed Ghufran, Yinghai Liu, Long Liu, Hamdani Syed Danish, Hamdani Syed Muhammad Zeeshan Haider
School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Front Pediatr. 2024 Sep 13;12:1383670. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1383670. eCollection 2024.
The effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on the relationship of physical activity (PA), and physical literacy (PL) in 8-12 Pakistani children are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aims to examine the mediating role of CRF in the relationship between PA and PL in this demographic.
This cross-sectional study involved 1,360 children aged 8-12 (mean age = 10.00, SD = 1.41 years) from 85 higher secondary schools in South Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected during the 2020-2021 academic year using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) protocol to assess physical activity (PA), Body Mass Index (BMI), and PL levels. CRF was measured using the PACER (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) test. Descriptive statistics, independent samples -tests, Chi-squared tests, and Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) were used for age and sex-specific CAPL-2 scoring. Associations among components were evaluated through Pearson's correlation, multivariate logistic regression, and mediation analyses.
The study revealed that boys had significantly higher scores in CRF, PA, and PL across all age groups compared to girls ( < 0.001), with boys' scores being 20%, 10%, and 14% higher, respectively, than those of girls. Conversely, overweight children showed significantly reduced PA and PL levels ( < 0.001). An inverse correlation was found between BMI and CRF ( linear = 0.022; quadratic = 0.028). CRF scores had significant negative correlations BMI ( = -0.143) and positive associations with MVPA, PA, DB, and PL ( ranging from 0.241 to 0.624). CRF was observed to partially mediate the association between MVPA and PL. The direct impact of PA on PL was significant and meaningful ( = 0.002, < .001). Additionally, the indirect effect of PA on PL through CRF was also significant ( = 0.001, < .001), indicating that CRF serves as an important mediator in this relationship. The combined total effect of PA on PL, which includes both direct and mediated pathways, was robust and highly significant ( = 0.003, < .001).
The study revealed a strong positive correlation between CRF, PA, and PL, but a negative one with BMI in South Punjab children aged 8-12. Notably, CRF and PA emerged as significant predictors of PL levels in this population. Consequently, interventions that are both systematic and targeted towards improving these factors should be implemented as strategies to enhance children's PL levels and promote physically active behaviors.
心肺适能（CRF）对8至12岁巴基斯坦儿童的身体活动（PA）和身体素养（PL）之间关系的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在探讨CRF在该人群PA与PL关系中的中介作用。
这项横断面研究涉及来自巴基斯坦旁遮普省南部85所高中的1360名8至12岁儿童（平均年龄 = 10.00，标准差 = 1.41岁）。在2020 - 2021学年期间，使用加拿大身体素养评估 - 2（CAPL - 2）方案收集数据，以评估身体活动（PA）、体重指数（BMI）和PL水平。使用20米往返跑测试（PACER）测量CRF。描述性统计、独立样本t检验、卡方检验以及位置、尺度和形状的广义相加模型（GAMLSS）用于按年龄和性别进行的CAPL - 2评分。通过Pearson相关性、多元逻辑回归和中介分析评估各成分之间的关联。
研究表明，在所有年龄组中，男孩的CRF、PA和PL得分均显著高于女孩（P < 0.001），男孩的得分分别比女孩高20%、10%和14%。相反，超重儿童的PA和PL水平显著降低（P < 0.001）。发现BMI与CRF之间存在负相关（线性 = 0.022；二次项 = 0.028）。CRF得分与BMI显著负相关（P = -0.143），与中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）、PA、每日步数（DB）和PL呈正相关（范围从0.241至0.624）。观察到CRF部分介导了MVPA与PL之间的关联。PA对PL的直接影响显著且有意义（P = 0.002，β < 0.001）。此外，PA通过CRF对PL的间接影响也显著（P = 0.001，β < 0.001），表明CRF在这种关系中起重要中介作用。PA对PL的综合总效应，包括直接和中介途径，是稳健且高度显著的（P = 0.003，β < 0.001）。
该研究揭示了8至12岁旁遮普省儿童的CRF、PA和PL之间存在强正相关，但与BMI呈负相关。值得注意的是，CRF和PA是该人群PL水平的重要预测因素。因此，应实施系统且有针对性的干预措施来改善这些因素，作为提高儿童PL水平和促进身体活跃行为的策略。
