Guo Chao, Chen Li, Xu Rui, Zhu Jiangjiang
Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
ACS Omega. 2024 Sep 10;9(38):39817-39826. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05103. eCollection 2024 Sep 24.
Fipronil, malathion, and permethrin are widely used insecticides in agriculture, public areas, and residential spaces. The globally abused application of these chemicals results in residues surpassing established maximum residue levels, giving rise to potential toxicity in unintended organisms. Long-term exposure and the persistent accumulation of these insecticides in animals and humans pose threats such as neurotoxicity, liver and kidney damage, and microbiota dysbiosis. Despite the known risks, the specific impact of these insecticides on gut microbiota and their metabolic processes, as well as the subsequent effects on host health, remain largely unknown. This study aimed to address this gap by utilizing nonpathogenic as a representative of human gut bacteria and examining its growth and metabolic perturbations induced by exposure to fipronil, malathion, and permethrin. Our research showed that exposure of to fipronil, malathion, and permethrin at physiologically relevant concentrations resulted in significant growth inhibition. Furthermore, we have observed the biodegradation of fipronil and permethrin by , while no biodegradation was found for malathion. Thus, is capable of degrading fipronil and permethrin, thereby enabling the removal of those substances. Next, we studied how insecticides affect bacterial metabolism to understand their influence on the functions of the microbes. Our metabolomics analysis revealed chemical-dependent alterations in metabolic profiles and metabolite compositions following insecticide exposure. These changes encompassed shifts in carboxylic acids and derivatives, organooxygen compounds, as well as indoles and their derivatives. To gain a deeper insight into the systematic changes induced by these insecticides, we conducted a metabolic pathway analysis. Our data indicated that fipronil, compared with malathion and permethrin, exhibited opposite regulation in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. In summary, our study demonstrates the capability of to degrade fipronil and permethrin, leading to their removal, while malathion remains unaffected. Additionally, we reveal chemical-dependent alterations in bacterial metabolism induced by insecticide exposure, with specific impacts on metabolic pathways, particularly in pathways related to amino acid metabolism.
氟虫腈、马拉硫磷和氯菊酯是农业、公共场所及居住空间广泛使用的杀虫剂。这些化学品在全球范围内的滥用导致残留量超过既定的最大残留限量，从而对非目标生物产生潜在毒性。这些杀虫剂在动物和人类体内的长期暴露及持续积累会造成神经毒性、肝肾功能损害和微生物群失调等威胁。尽管存在已知风险，但这些杀虫剂对肠道微生物群及其代谢过程的具体影响，以及随后对宿主健康的影响，在很大程度上仍不清楚。本研究旨在通过利用作为人类肠道细菌代表的非致病性细菌，并检测其暴露于氟虫腈、马拉硫磷和氯菊酯所诱导的生长和代谢扰动来填补这一空白。我们的研究表明，在生理相关浓度下，暴露于氟虫腈、马拉硫磷和氯菊酯会导致显著的生长抑制。此外，我们观察到能对氟虫腈和氯菊酯进行生物降解，而未发现对马拉硫磷的生物降解。因此，能够降解氟虫腈和氯菊酯，从而实现这些物质的去除。接下来，我们研究了杀虫剂如何影响细菌代谢，以了解它们对微生物功能的影响。我们的代谢组学分析揭示了杀虫剂暴露后代谢谱和代谢物组成的化学依赖性变化。这些变化包括羧酸及其衍生物、有机氧化合物以及吲哚及其衍生物的变化。为了更深入地了解这些杀虫剂引起的系统性变化，我们进行了代谢途径分析。我们的数据表明，与马拉硫磷和氯菊酯相比，氟虫腈在甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢以及缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成中表现出相反的调控。总之，我们的研究表明能够降解氟虫腈和氯菊酯，实现它们的去除，而马拉硫磷不受影响。此外，我们揭示了杀虫剂暴露引起的细菌代谢的化学依赖性变化，对代谢途径有特定影响，特别是在与氨基酸代谢相关的途径中。
