School of Engineering Design and Innovation, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Department of Anthropology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Sep 30;10:e58358. doi: 10.2196/58358.
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) is structuralizing social, political, and economic determinants of health into the invisible algorithms that shape all facets of modern life. Nevertheless, AI holds immense potential as a public health tool, enabling beneficial objectives such as precision public health and medicine. Developing an AI governance framework that can maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of AI is a significant challenge. The benefits of public health engagement in AI governance could be extensive. Here, we describe how several public health concepts can enhance AI governance. Specifically, we explain how (1) harm reduction can provide a framework for navigating the governance debate between traditional regulation and "soft law" approaches; (2) a public health understanding of social determinants of health is crucial to optimally weigh the potential risks and benefits of AI; (3) public health ethics provides a toolset for guiding governance decisions where individual interests intersect with collective interests; and (4) a One Health approach can improve AI governance effectiveness while advancing public health outcomes. Public health theories, perspectives, and innovations could substantially enrich and improve AI governance, creating a more equitable and socially beneficial path for AI development.
人工智能（AI）的迅速发展正在将社会、政治和经济健康决定因素结构化为隐形算法，这些算法塑造了现代生活的各个方面。然而，人工智能作为公共卫生工具具有巨大的潜力，可以实现精准公共卫生和医学等有益目标。制定一个能够最大化人工智能的利益和最小化风险的人工智能治理框架是一个重大挑战。公共卫生参与人工智能治理的好处可能是广泛的。在这里，我们描述了一些公共卫生概念如何增强人工智能治理。具体来说，我们解释了（1）减少伤害如何为在传统监管和“软法”方法之间的治理辩论提供框架；（2）对健康的社会决定因素的公共卫生理解对于最佳权衡人工智能的潜在风险和利益至关重要；（3）公共卫生伦理学为指导治理决策提供了工具，在这些决策中，个人利益与集体利益相交织；以及（4）一种“同一健康”方法可以提高人工智能治理的有效性，同时推进公共卫生成果。公共卫生理论、观点和创新可以极大地丰富和改进人工智能治理，为人工智能的发展开辟一条更加公平和有益社会的道路。
