Inactivation of viruses in labile blood derivatives. I. Disruption of lipid-enveloped viruses by tri(n-butyl)phosphate detergent combinations.

Use of the organic solvent, tri(n-butyl)phosphate (TNBP), and detergents for the inactivation of viruses in labile blood derivatives was evaluated by addition of marker viruses (VSV, Sindbis, Sendai, EMC) to anti-hemophilic factor (AHF) concentrates. The rate of virus inactivation obtained with TNBP plus Tween 80 was superior to that observed with ethyl ether plus Tween 80, a condition previously shown to inactivate greater than or equal to 10(6.9) CID50 of hepatitis B and greater than or equal to 10(4) CID50 of Hutchinson strain non-A, non-B hepatitis. The AHF recovery after TNBP/Tween treatment was greater than or equal to 90 percent. Following the reaction, TNBP could be removed from the protein by gel exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G25; however, because of its large micelle size, Tween 80 could not be removed from protein by this method. Attempts to remove Tween 80 by differential precipitation of protein were only partially successful. An alternate detergent, sodium cholate, when combined with TNBP, resulted in almost as efficient virus inactivation and an 80 percent recovery of AHF. Because sodium cholate forms small micelles, it could be removed by Sephadex G25 chromatography. Electrophoretic examination of TNBP/cholate-treated AHF concentrates revealed few, if any, changes in protein mobility, except for plasma lipoprotein(s).