Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Cell Rep Methods. 2024 Oct 21;4(10):100866. doi: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100866. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is increasingly appreciated to play a decisive role in cancer development and response to therapy in all solid tumors. Hypoxia, acidosis, high interstitial pressure, nutrient-poor conditions, and high cellular heterogeneity of the TME arise from interactions between cancer cells and their environment. These properties, in turn, play key roles in the aggressiveness and therapy resistance of the disease, through complex reciprocal interactions between the cancer cell genotype and phenotype, and the physicochemical and cellular environment. Understanding this complexity requires the combination of sophisticated cancer models and high-resolution analysis tools. Models must allow both control and analysis of cellular and acellular TME properties, and analyses must be able to capture the complexity at high depth and spatial resolution. Here, we review the advantages and limitations of key models and methods in order to guide further TME research and outline future challenges.
肿瘤微环境（TME）在所有实体瘤的癌症发展和对治疗的反应中起着决定性的作用，这一点越来越受到重视。缺氧、酸中毒、高间质压力、营养贫乏的条件以及 TME 的高细胞异质性，源于癌细胞与其环境之间的相互作用。这些特性反过来又通过癌细胞基因型和表型与理化细胞环境之间的复杂相互作用，在疾病的侵袭性和治疗耐药性方面发挥着关键作用。理解这种复杂性需要将复杂的癌症模型与高分辨率分析工具相结合。模型必须允许控制和分析细胞和无细胞 TME 的特性，而分析必须能够以高深度和空间分辨率捕捉到复杂性。在这里，我们回顾了关键模型和方法的优缺点，以便指导进一步的 TME 研究，并概述未来的挑战。
