Chen Rui, Liu Guangwen, Li Shixue, Kong Fanlei
Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
BMC Geriatr. 2024 Oct 1;24(1):802. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-05391-6.
Little empirical evidences were provided on the disparity in the level of loneliness between the migrant older with children (MOC) and their local counterpart in China. This study aimed to explore the association between social participation and loneliness and verify whether there was a local-migrant difference in this association.
A total of 1332 older people (60 +) were included in this study with 656 MOC and 676 natives. Loneliness was assessed by the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale with eight items (ULS-8). Social participation was evaluated by three kinds of social activities concerning sports activities, hobby activities and community resident interaction. Univariate analysis was conducted to compare the local-migrant disparity as well as the level of loneliness between different subgroups. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the proposed relationship and the moderating influence of migration status.
The average ULS-8 scores were 11.73 ± 4.02 for local subjects and 12.82 ± 4.05 for MOC respectively, indicating a lower level of loneliness among local older people. Participating in hobby activities (β = -0.092, P = 0.003) and interacting with residents (β = -0.216, P = 0.001) more frequently were related to lower level of loneliness while participating in square dancing was related to higher level of loneliness (β = 0.087, P = 0.001). The negative relationships between hobby activities as well as resident interaction and loneliness were more profound in migrants than natives.
Only two types of social participation could help alleviate loneliness. More attention to older migrants' loneliness and extending the scale and types of social activities were recommended for policymakers.
关于中国有子女的老年移民与其本地同龄人在孤独程度上的差异，所提供的实证证据很少。本研究旨在探讨社会参与与孤独感之间的关联，并验证这种关联是否存在本地 - 移民差异。
本研究共纳入1332名60岁及以上的老年人，其中656名有子女的老年移民和676名本地人。孤独感采用加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表（ULS - 8）的8个项目进行评估。社会参与通过体育活动、业余爱好活动和社区居民互动这三种社会活动进行评价。进行单因素分析以比较本地 - 移民差异以及不同亚组之间的孤独程度。采用分层多元线性回归分析来检验所提出的关系以及移民身份的调节作用。
本地受试者的平均ULS - 8得分为11.73±4.02，有子女的老年移民为12.82±4.05，表明本地老年人的孤独程度较低。更频繁地参与业余爱好活动（β = -0.092，P = 0.003）和与居民互动（β = -0.216，P = 0.001）与较低的孤独程度相关，而参加广场舞与较高的孤独程度相关（β = 0.087，P = 0.001）。业余爱好活动和居民互动与孤独感之间的负相关关系在移民中比在本地人中更为显著。
只有两种社会参与类型有助于减轻孤独感。建议政策制定者更多关注老年移民的孤独感，并扩大社会活动的规模和类型。
