College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China; Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 3):114015. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114015. Epub 2022 Aug 6.
Excessive application of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer and inefficient N management are still common in the North China Plain, leading to large reactive N (Nr) losses and pollution, threatening environmental security and public health. Three improved N management practices (33% reduction in N applied (OU), OU combined with partial organic fertilizer substitution (UOM) and the urea in UOM amended with a urease inhibitor (ULOM)) together with no N application (CK) and farmers' conventional practice (CU) were tested on a maize-wheat rotation at Quzhou, Hebei, North China Plain (NCP). Nr emissions were related to WFPS (Water Filled Pore Space), soil mineral N (NH-N and NO-N) and soil temperature. Nr emissions and yield-scaled Nr emissions were significantly reduced by partial substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer: NH emissions were reduced by 55.8-62.4%. Using a urease inhibitor (Limus®), further reduced NH emissions by 40.2-64.5%. Yield-scaled NH emissions were, on average, reduced by 60.0% and 55.2% in the maize and wheat growing season, respectively, relative to the UOM treatment. Long-term application of organic fertilizer had a significant positive effect on N use efficiency (NUE). Overall, the study shows that appropriated N management such as reducing the N application rate, partial substitution of chemical N by organic N and using a urease inhibitor can reduce Nr emissions and promote NUE in the North China Plain. The methods corresponding to the ULOM and UOM treatments were the most and second most effective, respectively, with high net economic benefits.
过量施用化学氮肥（N）和低效的 N 管理在中国北方平原仍然很常见，导致大量活性氮（Nr）损失和污染，威胁环境安全和公众健康。在河北曲周的玉米-小麦轮作上，我们测试了三种改进的 N 管理措施（减少 33%的 N 施用量（OU）、OU 与部分有机肥替代（UOM）相结合以及在 UOM 中添加脲酶抑制剂的尿素（ULOM））以及不施 N（CK）和农民常规做法（CU）。Nr 排放与 WFPS（水填充孔隙空间）、土壤矿质 N（NH-N 和 NO-N）和土壤温度有关。部分替代化肥施用有机肥显著减少了 Nr 排放：NH 排放减少了 55.8-62.4%。使用脲酶抑制剂（Limus®），进一步减少了 40.2-64.5%的 NH 排放。与 UOM 处理相比，玉米和小麦生长季的产量标准化 NH 排放平均分别减少了 60.0%和 55.2%。长期施用有机肥对氮利用效率（NUE）有显著的积极影响。总的来说，这项研究表明，适当的 N 管理措施，如减少 N 施用量、部分替代化学 N 为有机 N 和使用脲酶抑制剂，可以减少 Nr 排放，提高中国北方平原的 NUE。ULOM 和 UOM 处理对应的方法是最有效和第二有效的，具有较高的净经济效益。
