College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, 100193 Beijing, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, 100193 Beijing, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University and Suzhou ViHong Biotechnology, Wuzhong District, 215128, Jiangsu Province, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 20;718:137304. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137304. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
Fertilizer-replacement programs by the ministry of agriculture and rural affairs are extraordinary actions for environment protection and sustainable agriculture in China. A national-level survey was performed to acquire consensuses of bio-physiochemical properties for composts. A total of 116 compost samples collected from 16 provinces in China were analyzed by high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The germination index and bacterial alpha-diversity were lower in composts from poultry manure than others. This large-scale survey revealed that bacterial communities were distinct among different composts and slightly explained by pH, moisture and total nitrogen, but not by raw material or composting process. Nevertheless, 26 OTUs affiliated with Firmicutes (Cerasibacillus, Atopostipes and Bacillus) and Actinobacteria (Thermobifida, Actinomadura and Nocardiopsis) were present in most (>90%) composts and majority of these bacterial species were possibly associated with the biodegradation of organic materials. Surprisingly, 629 potential human or animal bacterial pathogens accounting an average of 1.21% of total 16S rRNA gene were detected and these bacteria were mainly affiliated with Helicobacter, Staphylococcus, Acinotobacter, Streptococcus, Mycobacterium and Enterococcus. In summary, this study provides baseline data for the diversity and abundance of core microbiome and potential pathogens in composts.
农业部的肥料替代计划是中国环境保护和可持续农业的非凡举措。为了获得堆肥生物理化性质的共识，进行了一项国家级调查。通过高通量测序细菌 16S rRNA 基因扩增子，对来自中国 16 个省份的 116 个堆肥样本进行了分析。与其他堆肥相比，禽粪堆肥的发芽指数和细菌 α-多样性较低。这项大规模调查显示，不同堆肥之间的细菌群落存在明显差异，略微受 pH 值、水分和总氮的解释，但不受原料或堆肥过程的解释。然而，26 个与厚壁菌门（Cerasibacillus、Atopostipes 和 Bacillus）和放线菌门（Thermobifida、Actinomadura 和 Nocardiopsis）有关的 OTUs 存在于大多数（>90%）堆肥中，这些细菌物种中的大多数可能与有机物质的生物降解有关。令人惊讶的是，检测到了 629 种平均占总 16S rRNA 基因 1.21%的潜在人类或动物细菌病原体，这些细菌主要与幽门螺杆菌、葡萄球菌、不动杆菌、链球菌、分枝杆菌和肠球菌有关。总之，本研究为堆肥中核心微生物组和潜在病原体的多样性和丰度提供了基线数据。
