Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Institute of Public Health, Department of Public Health - Cuiabá (MT), Brazil.
Instituto Federal de Educação, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso - Juína (MT), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2024 Sep 27;27:e240046. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720240046. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to verify the association between adherence to school meals provided by the National School Feeding Program and dietary patterns in adolescents from Brazilian public schools.
Data from the 2019 National School Health Survey were used, with a nationally representative sample of Brazilian school adolescents (n=53,477; 13-17 years old). Food consumption of healthy and unhealthy food markers was obtained from a food consumption questionnaire. Regular consumption was considered ≥5 times/week. Latent class analysis was used to identify dietary patterns whose association with adherence to school meals was evaluated by multinomial logistic regression models, with adjustment for sociodemographic and eating behavior variables.
Three dietary patterns were identified: "unhealthy" - higher consumption of soft drinks and sweets (9.2% of adolescents); "healthy" - higher consumption of beans, vegetables, and fruits (27.1%); and "monotonous" - higher consumption of beans (63.7%). High adherence to school meals (every day) and unsatisfactory adherence (1-4 times/week) were positively associated with the healthy pattern even after adjustment for possible potential confounders (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.23-1.52; OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.10-1.30, respectively).
The results showed that the consumption of school meals offered by the National School Feeding Program can contribute to healthy eating habits among Brazilian adolescents.
本研究旨在验证巴西公立学校青少年遵循国家学校供餐计划（National School Feeding Program）所提供的膳食与饮食模式之间的关联。
本研究使用了 2019 年全国学校卫生调查的数据，该调查采用了全国代表性的巴西学校青少年样本（n=53477；13-17 岁）。通过食物消费问卷获取健康和不健康食物标志物的消费情况。经常消费被定义为每周≥5 次。采用潜在类别分析来识别饮食模式，并通过多项逻辑回归模型评估其与遵循学校供餐之间的关联，同时调整了社会人口学和饮食行为变量。
确定了三种饮食模式：“不健康” - 软饮料和甜食的消费更高（9.2%的青少年）；“健康” - 豆类、蔬菜和水果的消费更高（27.1%）；以及“单调” - 豆类的消费更高（63.7%）。高程度遵循学校供餐（每天）和不满意程度的遵循（每周 1-4 次）与健康模式呈正相关，即使在调整了可能的潜在混杂因素后也是如此（OR 1.37，95%CI 1.23-1.52；OR 1.20，95%CI 1.10-1.30）。
研究结果表明，国家学校供餐计划所提供的学校膳食可以促进巴西青少年的健康饮食习惯。
