Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110004, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China.
Biomaterials. 2025 Mar;314:122852. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122852. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) represents one of the most significant neurodegenerative challenges of our time, with its increasing prevalence and the lack of curative treatments underscoring an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Stem cells (SCs) therapy emerges as a promising frontier, offering potential mechanisms for neuroregeneration, neuroprotection, and disease modification in AD. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future directions of stem cell therapy in AD treatment, addressing key aspects such as stem cell migration, differentiation, paracrine effects, and mitochondrial translocation. Despite the promising therapeutic mechanisms of SCs, translating these findings into clinical applications faces substantial hurdles, including production scalability, quality control, ethical concerns, immunogenicity, and regulatory challenges. Furthermore, we delve into emerging trends in stem cell modification and application, highlighting the roles of genetic engineering, biomaterials, and advanced delivery systems. Potential solutions to overcome translational barriers are discussed, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, regulatory harmonization, and adaptive clinical trial designs. The article concludes with reflections on the future of stem cell therapy in AD, balancing optimism with a pragmatic recognition of the challenges ahead. As we navigate these complexities, the ultimate goal remains to translate stem cell research into safe, effective, and accessible treatments for AD, heralding a new era in the fight against this devastating disease.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是当前面临的最重要的神经退行性疾病挑战之一，其发病率不断上升，而缺乏有效的治疗方法突显了对创新治疗策略的迫切需求。干细胞（SCs）治疗作为一种有前途的前沿技术出现，为 AD 的神经再生、神经保护和疾病修饰提供了潜在的机制。本文全面概述了 AD 治疗中干细胞治疗的现状和未来方向，涉及干细胞迁移、分化、旁分泌作用和线粒体易位等关键方面。尽管 SCs 的治疗机制很有前景，但将这些发现转化为临床应用面临着诸多障碍，包括生产的可扩展性、质量控制、伦理问题、免疫原性和监管挑战。此外，我们还深入探讨了干细胞修饰和应用的新兴趋势，强调了基因工程、生物材料和先进输送系统的作用。还讨论了克服转化障碍的潜在解决方案，强调了跨学科合作、监管协调和适应性临床试验设计的重要性。文章最后对 AD 中干细胞治疗的未来进行了反思，在保持乐观的同时，务实面对未来的挑战。在我们应对这些复杂性的过程中，将干细胞研究转化为 AD 的安全、有效和可及的治疗方法仍然是最终目标，这将开创对抗这种毁灭性疾病的新时代。
