Helton Jesse J, Hong Jun Sung, Kong Vibol
School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
Wayne State University School of Social Work, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Inj Prev. 2024 Oct 2. doi: 10.1136/ip-2024-045294.
Childhood bullying can result in serious injury. Our objective was to compare bullying victimisation and perpetration of school-aged youth from 2018 to 2022 in different households: foster care, kinship care and birth families. A second objective examined correlations between bullying and adverse childhood experiences, child gender, age and race while stratifying by household type.
The 2018-2022 samples of the National Surveys of Children's Health were used. Bullying victimisation and perpetration were reported by caregivers and ranged from none, yearly, monthly to weekly or daily. Adversities include parental separation, death or incarceration; witnessing or experiencing violence; living with an adult with a substance problem or severe mental illness; or racial discrimination. Pearson χ and ordinal logistic regression models were used.
Pre-COVID-19, 69% of foster youth were victimised compared with 44% of kinship and 48% of birth-family youth, and 57% of foster youth perpetrated compared with 21% of kinship and 20% of birth-family youth. During COVID-19, the relative risk of both victimisation and perpetration flipped between groups: 25% of fosters were victimised compared with 34% of both kinship and birth youth, and 24% of fosters perpetrated compared with 35% of kinship and 33% of birth youth. In 2022, younger foster youth were at a higher risk of victimisation and perpetration, while males were at risk of perpetration.
Foster youth are at high risk for victimisation and perpetration compared with youth living with kinship or birth families. Results indicate that prevention efforts in school settings may be the most effective.
儿童期霸凌可能导致严重伤害。我们的目标是比较2018年至2022年不同家庭类型（寄养家庭、亲属抚养家庭和原生家庭）中学龄青少年的霸凌受害情况和霸凌行为。第二个目标是在按家庭类型分层的同时，研究霸凌与儿童期不良经历、儿童性别、年龄和种族之间的相关性。
使用了2018 - 2022年全国儿童健康调查的样本。照顾者报告了霸凌受害情况和霸凌行为，范围从无、每年、每月到每周或每天。不良经历包括父母分居、死亡或监禁；目睹或经历暴力；与有 substance问题或严重精神疾病的成年人生活在一起；或遭受种族歧视。使用了Pearson χ检验和有序逻辑回归模型。
在新冠疫情之前，69%的寄养青少年遭受霸凌，相比之下，亲属抚养家庭青少年为44%，原生家庭青少年为48%；57%的寄养青少年实施霸凌，相比之下，亲属抚养家庭青少年为21%，原生家庭青少年为20%。在新冠疫情期间，两组之间霸凌受害和霸凌行为的相对风险发生了反转：25%的寄养青少年遭受霸凌，相比之下，亲属抚养家庭和原生家庭青少年均为34%；24%的寄养青少年实施霸凌，相比之下，亲属抚养家庭青少年为35%，原生家庭青少年为33%。2022年，年龄较小的寄养青少年遭受霸凌和实施霸凌的风险更高，而男性有实施霸凌的风险。
与生活在亲属抚养家庭或原生家庭的青少年相比，寄养青少年遭受霸凌和实施霸凌的风险很高。结果表明，学校环境中的预防措施可能是最有效的。
