Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier breakdown in acute, clinical intracerebral hemorrhage.

Neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), characterized in the brain by microglial activation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. In this study, 36 acute, spontaneous, supratentorial ICH patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to measure BBB permeability () 1-3 days post-onset and 16 returned for C-PK11195 PET to quantify microglial activation (), 2-7 days post-onset. We first tested if these markers were increased and co-localized in the perihematomal brain and found that perihematomal and were increased vs. the contralateral brain, but regions of high and only overlapped by a mean of 4.9%. We then tested for associations of perihematomal and with clinical characteristics (age, ICH volume & location, blood pressure), other markers of inflammation (edema, IL-6, and CRP), and long-term functional outcome (90-day mRS). Lower perihematomal was associated with increasing age. Lobar hemorrhage was associated with greater than deep, but and were not associated with ICH volume, or other inflammatory markers. While perihematomal and were not associated with outcome, contralateral was significantly associated with greater 90-day mRS. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that blood pressure variability over 72 h was also associated with contralateral .