Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Reprod Sci. 2024 Nov;31(11):3368-3378. doi: 10.1007/s43032-024-01710-9. Epub 2024 Oct 4.
The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of dietary habits, including daily intake of nutrients and dietary patterns, on the semen characteristics of South-Asian men. This cross-sectional study included 162 South-Asian men aged 21-40 years who were undergoing infertility evaluation. Based on semen analysis, men were grouped into categories of normal and abnormal semen characteristics. The participants' dietary habits were captured using '24-hour dietary recall' and 'Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)'. Daily dietary intake of various nutrients and adherence to prevalent dietary patterns were compared between men with normal and abnormal semen characteristics. Six dietary patterns were identified following factor analysis of FFQ data. Men with normal semen characteristics showed significantly higher consumption of "coastal diet" rich in seafood, fish, cereals, beans, and coconut oil than those with abnormal semen characteristics. Further, the multivariable-adjusted model, adjusted for clinically relevant confounders, like age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking and sexual abstinence, also showed a lower risk of abnormal semen characteristics among men consuming "coastal diet" (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-0.82). In terms of daily nutrient intake, men with normal semen characteristics showed significantly lower consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) compared to men with abnormal semen characteristics (p = 0.008). Our findings suggest that higher consumption of "coastal pattern diet" lowers the risk of abnormal semen characteristics. Additionally, a negative association of MUFA consumption with semen quality was also identified, which needs cautious interpretation until replicated in future studies with biochemical validations.
本研究旨在探讨饮食习惯（包括每日营养素摄入和饮食模式）对南亚男性精液特征的影响。该横断面研究纳入了 162 名年龄在 21-40 岁之间、正在接受不育评估的南亚男性。根据精液分析结果，将男性分为正常和异常精液特征两类。采用“24 小时膳食回顾”和“食物频率问卷（FFQ）”记录参与者的饮食习惯。比较了正常和异常精液特征男性的各种营养素的日常饮食摄入和常见饮食模式的依从性。通过对 FFQ 数据进行因子分析，确定了 6 种饮食模式。与异常精液特征男性相比，具有正常精液特征的男性“沿海饮食”（富含海鲜、鱼类、谷物、豆类和椰子油）的摄入量明显更高。此外，在调整了年龄、体重指数（BMI）、体力活动、吸烟和禁欲等临床相关混杂因素的多变量调整模型中，食用“沿海饮食”的男性异常精液特征的风险也较低（比值比[OR] = 0.56，95%置信区间[CI] 0.37-0.82）。就每日营养素摄入而言，与异常精液特征男性相比，具有正常精液特征的男性单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）的摄入量明显更低（p = 0.008）。我们的研究结果表明，“沿海模式饮食”的高摄入量降低了异常精液特征的风险。此外，MUFA 摄入与精液质量呈负相关，这需要在未来进行生物化学验证的研究中谨慎解释。
