Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 4;19(10):e0309157. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309157. eCollection 2024.
The ability to control landings and stabilize quickly is essential in sports like gymnastics and cheerleading, where landing quality impacts scores. The similarities and contrasts between these sports, where one trains primarily barefoot and the other shod, may increase understanding of the kinetic role of the foot during landings.
Sixteen gymnasts (GYM), sixteen cheerleaders (CHR), and sixteen non-athletes (NAT) performed single-foot shod and barefoot drop landings onto a force plate.
Foot muscle strength was assessed using a custom test and ultrasound imaging was used to measure six foot muscles. Group differences in muscle sizes and strength measurements were compared using one-way ANOVAs (α = 0.05). Landing mechanics metrics were evaluated using 3 x 2 between-within ANOVAs (α = 0.05). Pairwise comparisons were made using Tukey post-hoc tests.
Barefoot landings resulted in greater peak vertical ground reaction force (pVGRF) and lower time to pVGRF (TTpVGRF). Significant group main effect differences were found between GYM and NAT for all kinetic measures (GYM: shorter time to stability (TTS) and TTpVGRF, and greater pVGRF), while no significant differences in landing kinetics were found between CHR and either GYM or NAT. No interactions were found between group and condition. GYM and CHR had significantly greater summed foot muscle size than NAT, however, only CHR displayed significantly greater toe flexion force than NAT.
Our data suggests that while wearing shoes does not affect groups differently, footwear reduces initial peak VGRFs but does not influence later stabilization times.
在体操和啦啦队等运动中，控制着陆和快速稳定至关重要，因为着陆质量会影响得分。这些运动的相似性和对比，一个主要是赤脚训练，另一个是穿鞋训练，可能会增加对足部在着陆过程中动力学作用的理解。
16 名体操运动员（GYM）、16 名啦啦队队员（CHR）和 16 名非运动员（NAT）分别进行单脚穿鞋和赤脚落地实验。
使用定制测试评估足部肌肉力量，使用超声成像测量 6 个足部肌肉。使用单向方差分析（α=0.05）比较组间肌肉大小和力量测量的差异。使用 3x2 组间-组内方差分析（α=0.05）评估着陆力学指标。使用 Tukey 事后检验进行两两比较。
赤脚着陆导致更大的垂直地面反作用力峰值（pVGRF）和更低的 pVGRF 到达时间（TTpVGRF）。在所有动力学测量中，GYM 和 NAT 之间存在显著的组间主效应差异（GYM：更短的稳定性到达时间（TTS）和 TTpVGRF，以及更大的 pVGRF），而 CHR 和 GYM 或 NAT 之间的着陆动力学没有显著差异。组间和条件间没有相互作用。GYM 和 CHR 的足部肌肉总大小明显大于 NAT，但只有 CHR 的脚趾弯曲力明显大于 NAT。
我们的数据表明，虽然穿鞋不会对不同组别产生不同的影响，但鞋子会降低初始垂直地面反作用力峰值，但不会影响后期的稳定时间。
