Progress in understanding personality functioning in light of the DSM-5 and ICD-11.

Updates regarding the dimensional model of personality disorder in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 have stimulated interest in the concept of personality functioning (PF). A growing number of literature has demonstrated the extensive empirical basis, validated evaluation tools, and clinical utility of the concept of PF. The concept of PF provides a construct for the diagnosis and evaluation of personality disorders. As a trans-diagnostic factor, PF is of great significance in the etiology and development of many mental and physical conditions. PF can be improved per se, primarily through psychotherapy. The evaluation and treatment of low PF should be considered in all relevant cases. The current study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the concept, pathogenesis, measurement, prevalence, psychopathological significance, as well as intervention for disordered PF.