CLADIBIOR, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
CLADIBIOR, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Cell Immunol. 2024 Nov-Dec;405-406:104881. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104881. Epub 2024 Oct 2.
Various types of pathogens transmitted by ticks elicit distinct immune responses just like the emerging α-Gal syndrome that is associated with allergic reactions to tick bites. The mechanisms of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps release (called NETosis) and trained immunity in response to tick-borne microbes have not been extensively investigated. In our paper, we explored the intricate interplay of NETosis and trained immunity within the realm of infectious diseases triggered by tick bites and their possible pathogenetic role in autoimmunity. We conducted an extensive literature search to identify studies for this review, considering articles and reviews published in English within the last years. Additionally, we scrutinized the references of all included papers and relevant review articles to ensure comprehensive coverage. We shed light on a plausible correlation between these innate immune responses and their potential implication in certain pathological conditions, with a specific focus on some autoimmune diseases. These findings offer new perspectives for a more profound comprehension of the immunopathogenesis of certain autoimmune-like signs where clinicians should include Tick-Borne Diseases (TBDs) in their differential diagnoses, in those geographical areas of tick infestation.
各种类型的蜱传病原体引起的免疫反应各不相同，就像新兴的α-Gal 综合征一样，它与蜱叮咬引起的过敏反应有关。针对蜱传微生物，中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETosis）和训练性免疫的释放机制尚未得到广泛研究。在我们的论文中，我们探讨了 NETosis 和训练性免疫在由蜱叮咬引发的传染病中的复杂相互作用，以及它们在自身免疫中的可能发病机制。我们进行了广泛的文献检索，以确定本综述的研究，考虑了过去几年以英文发表的文章和综述。此外，我们仔细审查了所有纳入论文和相关综述文章的参考文献，以确保全面覆盖。我们揭示了这些先天免疫反应之间可能存在的相关性，以及它们在某些病理情况下的潜在影响，特别是一些自身免疫性疾病。这些发现为更深入地理解某些自身免疫样迹象的免疫发病机制提供了新的视角，临床医生应在这些自身免疫样迹象中，包括蜱传疾病（TBDs），在这些有蜱虫滋生的地区进行鉴别诊断。
