Mary Vaishali Pooja, Boopathy Nisha
Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 6;16(9):e68805. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68805. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Edward Jenner's work in the latter part of the 18th century laid the groundwork for contemporary vaccination techniques and represented a crucial moment in the battle against contagious diseases. Born in 1749 in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, Jenner received early medical training under the guidance of John Hunter, a distinguished British surgeon. Although variolation offered some immunity to smallpox, it was a hazardous procedure that could result in severe illness or even death. It was within the context of limited and hazardous medical practices that Jenner made his revolutionary observation that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox, a relatively mild illness, appeared to be immune to smallpox. This local folklore piqued Jenner's interest, leading him to investigate the potential of cowpox as a safer alternative to variolation. His work paved the way for the development of vaccines for other infectious diseases, transforming public health and establishing a foundation for modern immunology. The smallpox vaccine became a crucial element of public health initiatives, ultimately leading to the global eradication of the disease by the late 20th century. Jenner's contributions have saved countless lives and represent a testament to the enduring influence of his work on global health. His pioneering efforts laid the groundwork for vaccines that protect us today, solidifying his place as one of the most influential figures in medical history.
18世纪后期,爱德华·詹纳的工作为当代疫苗接种技术奠定了基础,代表了抗击传染病斗争中的一个关键时刻。詹纳于1749年出生在格洛斯特郡的伯克利,在杰出的英国外科医生约翰·亨特的指导下接受了早期医学培训。虽然人痘接种能提供一定的天花免疫力,但这是一个危险的程序,可能导致严重疾病甚至死亡。正是在有限且危险的医疗实践背景下,詹纳有了革命性的发现:感染过牛痘(一种相对轻微的疾病)的挤奶女工似乎对天花免疫。这种当地的民间传说引起了詹纳的兴趣,促使他研究牛痘作为一种比人痘接种更安全的替代方法的潜力。他的工作为其他传染病疫苗的开发铺平了道路,改变了公共卫生状况,并为现代免疫学奠定了基础。天花疫苗成为公共卫生举措的关键要素,最终在20世纪末导致全球根除了这种疾病。詹纳的贡献拯救了无数生命,证明了他的工作对全球健康的持久影响。他的开创性努力为如今保护我们的疫苗奠定了基础,巩固了他作为医学史上最有影响力人物之一的地位。