Coloma-Carmona Ainhoa, Carballo José L, Sancho-Domingo Clara, Rodríguez-Espinosa Sara, Miró-Llinares Fernando, C Aguerri Jesús
Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain.
CRÍMINA Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Crime, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain.
J Gambl Stud. 2024 Oct 7. doi: 10.1007/s10899-024-10361-z.
Most epidemiological surveys focus on adult gambling behaviors related to traditional gambling forms, while studies on novel forms often focus on loot boxes and cryptocurrency trading individually. This study examines the co-ocurrence of emergent gambling and gambling-like practices, analyzing the demographic and psychological characteristics of involved gamblers. A cross-sectional study surveyed 1429 Spanish individuals aged 18-65, using a web-based questionnaire. The survey assessed participation in 19 gambling (e.g., lotteries, sports betting) and gambling-like activities (e.g., trading of cryptocurrencies and other assets, buying loot-boxes), along with sociodemographic and substance use. Problem gambling (PGSI), Impulsivity (UPPS-P), and cognitive distortions (Labrador's cognitive distortions scale) were also assessed. Participants who gambled over the past year (n = 921) were classified into four groups: traditional gambling (TG) only (64.5%, n = 594), TG with trading activities (27.5%, n = 253), TG with gambling withing video games or streaming platforms (2.5%, n = 23), and TG with both trading and video gambling (5.5%, n = 51). Most gamblers engaged exclusively in traditional formats, but 35.5% also participated in novel gambling forms. Those involved in both trading and video gambling were generally younger, male, with higher levels of impulsivity and gambling-related cognitive distortions compared to TG-only gamblers (p < 0.001). This group also exhibited higher rates of problem gambling and substance use (p < 0.001). This study emphasize the importance of including emerging gambling activities, which are particularly prevalent among high-risk gamblers, in epidemiological surveys. Identifying new gambling patterns and associated risk factors could help optimize public policies and develop more effective regulatory and prevention strategies.
大多数流行病学调查关注与传统赌博形式相关的成人赌博行为，而对新型赌博形式的研究往往分别聚焦于开箱抽奖和加密货币交易。本研究考察了新兴赌博和类似赌博行为的共存情况，分析了涉赌者的人口统计学和心理特征。一项横断面研究通过网络问卷对1429名年龄在18至65岁之间的西班牙人进行了调查。该调查评估了对19种赌博（如彩票、体育博彩）和类似赌博活动（如加密货币及其他资产交易、购买开箱抽奖包）的参与情况，以及社会人口统计学和物质使用情况。还评估了问题赌博（PGSI）、冲动性（UPPS-P）和认知偏差（拉布拉多认知偏差量表）。在过去一年中参与赌博的参与者（n = 921）被分为四组：仅参与传统赌博（TG）（64.5%，n = 594）、参与传统赌博及交易活动（27.5%，n = 253）、参与传统赌博及电子游戏或流媒体平台内的赌博（2.5%，n = 23）、参与传统赌博及交易和电子游戏赌博（5.5%，n = 51）。大多数赌徒仅参与传统赌博形式，但35.5%的人也参与了新型赌博形式。与仅参与传统赌博的赌徒相比，参与交易和电子游戏赌博的人通常更年轻、为男性，冲动性和与赌博相关的认知偏差水平更高（p < 0.001）。该组的问题赌博和物质使用发生率也更高（p < 0.001）。本研究强调了在流行病学调查中纳入新兴赌博活动的重要性，这些活动在高风险赌徒中尤为普遍。识别新的赌博模式和相关风险因素有助于优化公共政策，并制定更有效的监管和预防策略。
