心理健康与身体活动及其维度在中国成年人中的关联：一项横断面研究。
The association of mental health with physical activity and its dimensions in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Physical Culture, Inner Mongolia University, Yuquan District, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
Department of Physical Education, Wenzhou University, Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 7;19(10):e0311535. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311535. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
Selecting the most efficient type of physical activity that improves mental health can assist in choosing appropriate interventions. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between physical activity and its various aspects, including weekly physical activity, weekly walking and exercise sessions, and the frequency of walking and exercise per week, with the mental health of Chinese adults.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was carried out in Hangzhou (2023) involving 512 adults aged 18 and 64. Each participant received a self-completed questionnaire comprising three sections. The initial section focused on gathering basic information about the participants, such as gender, age, annual income, and marital status. The second section consisted of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), which aimed to evaluate the mental health status of the participants. Lastly, the third section included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Version (IPAQ-SV), which assessed the metabolic equivalent (MET) of activities like walking, moderate-intensity exercises, and high-intensity exercises.
RESULTS
The study found that mental health problems affected 25.74% of adults, while physical inactivity was prevalent in 49.63% of adults. The statistical model was highly significant (F = 25.143, p < 0.001), suggesting that at least one predictor has a significant impact on mental health. The model accounted for 39% of the variance in mental health, with all variables showing predictive value. Notably, the number of walking days per week emerged as the most influential predictor of mental health (β = -0.392), followed by level of weekly physical activity in MET, the number of exercise training sessions per week, weekly exercise training in MET, and weekly walking in MET (β = -0.312, -0.301, -0.212, and -0.202, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Adults can allocate more days per week to walking and their usual physical activity to improve their mental health.
背景
选择最能改善心理健康的有效运动类型可以帮助选择合适的干预措施。因此，本研究的目的是评估中国成年人的身体活动及其各方面（包括每周身体活动、每周步行和运动次数以及每周步行和运动频率）与心理健康之间的关联。
方法
这是一项横断面研究，于 2023 年在杭州进行，共纳入 512 名 18 至 64 岁的成年人。每位参与者都接受了一份自填问卷，问卷包含三个部分。第一部分主要收集参与者的基本信息，如性别、年龄、年收入和婚姻状况。第二部分包括 12 项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12），旨在评估参与者的心理健康状况。最后一部分是国际体力活动问卷-短版（IPAQ-SV），评估了像步行、中等强度运动和高强度运动等活动的代谢当量（MET）。
结果
研究发现，心理健康问题影响了 25.74%的成年人，而 49.63%的成年人存在身体活动不足的情况。统计模型具有高度显著性（F=25.143，p<0.001），表明至少有一个预测因子对心理健康有显著影响。该模型解释了心理健康 39%的方差，所有变量均具有预测价值。值得注意的是，每周步行天数是心理健康的最主要预测因素（β=-0.392），其次是每周身体活动的 MET 水平、每周运动训练次数、每周运动训练的 MET、每周步行的 MET（β=-0.312、-0.301、-0.212 和-0.202）。
结论
成年人可以每周增加步行天数和日常身体活动来改善心理健康。
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