Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Departamento de Química Analítica. Panamá.
Instituto Especializado de Análisis (IEA), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:176677. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176677. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
Breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants but can also expose them to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), among other environmental contaminants.
To determine concentrations of non-persistent phenolic EDCs (three bisphenols, four parabens [PBs], and six benzophenones [BPs]), in colostrum samples from Panamanian mothers and to examine associated reproductive, sociodemographic, and life-style factors.
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was used to measure concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl- (n-PrP), and butyl-paraben (n-BuP), and benzophenones BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-6, BP-8, and 4-hydroxy-BP in colostrum milk samples from 36 mothers. An ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect data on potential influentially variables, and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Two or more tested EDCs were detected in 36 colostrum samples (100 %), at least four in 14 samples (38.9 %), and at least six in 4 samples (11.1 %). The most frequently detected compounds were BPA (91.7 %), BP-8 (63.9 %), MeP (47.2 %), and BPF (41.7 %). The median concentration was 3.45 ng/mL for BP-8 and 1.37 ng/mL for BPA. No concentrations of n-PrP, BP-1, BP-6, or 4-hydroxy-BP were detected. Associations were observed between phenolic EDC concentrations and maternal place of residence, consumption frequency of poultry, fish, fresh cheese, fruit, yogurt and chocolate, intake of nutritional supplements, and application of some personal care products.
Bisphenols, parabens, and benzophenones were widely present in colostrum milk samples from Panamanian women. Preventive measures are needed to maximize the benefits of breastfeeding.
母乳是婴儿最佳的营养来源，但也会使他们接触到内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）和其他环境污染物。
测定巴拿马母亲初乳样本中非持久性酚类 EDCs（三种双酚、四种对羟基苯甲酸酯[PBs]和六种二苯甲酮[BPs]）的浓度，并探讨相关的生殖、社会人口统计学和生活方式因素。
采用分散液液微萃取法测定初乳样本中双酚 A（BPA）、双酚 F（BPF）、双酚 S（BPS）、甲基-（MeP）、乙基-（EtP）、丙基-（n-PrP）和丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯（n-BuP）以及二苯甲酮 BP-1、BP-2、BP-3、BP-6、BP-8 和 4-羟基-BP 的浓度。使用专门的问卷收集潜在影响因素的数据，并进行多元线性和逻辑回归分析。
36 份初乳样本中检测到两种或两种以上的测试 EDCs（100%），14 份样本中至少检测到四种（38.9%），4 份样本中至少检测到六种（11.1%）。最常检测到的化合物是 BPA（91.7%）、BP-8（63.9%）、MeP（47.2%）和 BPF（41.7%）。BP-8 的中位数浓度为 3.45ng/mL，BPA 的中位数浓度为 1.37ng/mL。未检测到 n-PrP、BP-1、BP-6 或 4-羟基-BP 的浓度。酚类 EDC 浓度与母体居住地点、禽肉、鱼、新鲜奶酪、水果、酸奶和巧克力的消费频率、营养补充剂的摄入以及某些个人护理产品的使用之间存在相关性。
双酚类、对羟基苯甲酸酯和二苯甲酮广泛存在于巴拿马妇女的初乳样本中。需要采取预防措施，最大限度地发挥母乳喂养的益处。
