Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
BMC Cancer. 2024 Oct 7;24(1):1234. doi: 10.1186/s12885-024-13014-x.
Results from studies investigating the association between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and breast cancer are scarce and, in some cases, contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between the intake of processed foods (PFs) and UPFs with the risk of breast cancer in Iranian women.
The present case (n = 133) - control (n = 266) study was carried out at two general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the participants' dietary intake. Also, the NOVA classification was used to identify PFs and UPFs. The association between PFs and UPFs with the odds of breast cancer was analyzed using logistic regression models.
According to Model 1 of conditional logistic regression, the odds of breast cancer were higher in the last tertile of UPFs than in the first tertile (odds ratio (OR) = 1.930; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.080-3.449). In Model 2, no significant association was observed between the second and last tertiles of PFs and UPFs with the odds of breast cancer compared to the reference tertile. Also based on menopause status, the odds of breast cancer increased in the last tertile only among premenopausal women in Model 2 (OR = 3.656; 95% CI: 1.326-10.079).
This study demonstrated that higher consumption of UPFs is associated with higher odds of breast cancer in premenopausal women.
研究超加工食品（UPFs）与乳腺癌之间关联的结果稀缺，在某些情况下甚至相互矛盾。因此，我们旨在评估伊朗女性摄入加工食品（PFs）和 UPFs 与乳腺癌风险之间的关系。
本病例对照研究（n=133）在伊朗德黑兰的两家综合医院进行。使用 168 项半定量食物频率问卷评估参与者的饮食摄入。此外，还使用 NOVA 分类法来识别 PFs 和 UPFs。使用逻辑回归模型分析 PFs 和 UPFs 与乳腺癌几率之间的关联。
根据条件逻辑回归模型 1，与 UPFs 第一三分位相比，最后三分位的乳腺癌几率更高（比值比（OR）=1.930；95%置信区间（CI）：1.080-3.449）。在模型 2 中，与参考三分位相比，PFs 和 UPFs 的第二和最后三分位与乳腺癌几率之间没有显著关联。此外，根据绝经状态，仅在模型 2 中，与绝经前女性的最后三分位相比，乳腺癌几率在绝经后女性中增加（OR=3.656；95%CI：1.326-10.079）。
本研究表明，较高的 UPFs 摄入量与绝经前女性乳腺癌几率增加相关。
