组合饮食评分与乳腺癌风险的关联：病例对照分析的见解
Association of portfolio diet score with breast cancer risk: insights from a case-control analysis.
作者信息
Yarmand Sazin, Atashi Negin, Kazemi Iman, Mahmoudi-Zadeh Melika, Yazdani Shahla, Behzadi Nejad Hafez, Shateri Zainab, Amiri Seyed Mojtaba, Rashidkhani Bahram, Nouri Mehran
机构信息
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Center for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
出版信息
BMC Cancer. 2025 Feb 17;25(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13634-x.
BACKGROUND
The Portfolio Diet (PD) is a plant-based dietary approach that has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer-related mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PD score (PDS) and breast cancer (BC) risk in Iranian women, providing insights into the impact of diet on BC risk across different menopausal stages.
METHODS
The current case-control study included 133 women with newly diagnosed BC and 265 controls without any neoplastic disorders, all of whom were referred to the oncology department of two referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, consisting of 168 food items, was used to gather dietary information. Additionally, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the associations of BC with the PDS and its components, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
After adjusting for variables in multivariate analysis, a significantly lower association was observed between each unit increase in plant protein intake and the odds of BC in the total population (OR = 0.399, 95% CI: 0.170-0.936). Based on menopausal status, a significant association was found between PDS and the odds of BC in premenopausal women (OR = 0.914, 95% CI: 0.845-0.989). Additionally, in the postmenopausal women, significantly lower odds of BC were observed with each unit increase in plant protein intake in the adjusted model (OR = 0.078, 95% CI: 0.015-0.399).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides novel insights into the protective role of PD against BC, demonstrating that a higher PDS is associated with a significant reduction in BC odds among premenopausal women. Plant protein intake also demonstrated a protective effect against BC in both the overall population and postmenopausal women. These findings highlight the potential benefit of the PD as a preventative dietary strategy against BC, particularly emphasizing the role of plant protein.
背景
组合饮食（PD）是一种以植物为基础的饮食方式，与降低癌症相关死亡率有关。本研究的目的是调查伊朗女性的PD评分（PDS）与乳腺癌（BC）风险之间的关系，以深入了解饮食对不同绝经阶段BC风险的影响。
方法
当前的病例对照研究纳入了133例新诊断为BC的女性和265例无任何肿瘤性疾病的对照，她们均被转诊至伊朗德黑兰两家转诊医院的肿瘤科。使用一份经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷（包含168种食物）收集饮食信息。此外，采用单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析计算比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（95%CI），以评估BC与PDS及其组成成分之间的关联。
结果
在多因素分析中对变量进行调整后，发现总体人群中植物蛋白摄入量每增加一个单位，与BC发生几率之间的关联显著降低（OR = 0.399，95%CI：0.170 - 0.936）。根据绝经状态，发现PDS与绝经前女性的BC发生几率之间存在显著关联（OR = 0.914，95%CI：0.845 - 0.989）。此外，在绝经后女性中，调整模型中植物蛋白摄入量每增加一个单位，观察到BC发生几率显著降低（OR = 0.078，95%CI：0.015 - 0.399）。
结论
本研究为PD对BC的保护作用提供了新的见解，表明较高的PDS与绝经前女性BC发生几率的显著降低有关。植物蛋白摄入量在总体人群和绝经后女性中也显示出对BC的保护作用。这些发现凸显了PD作为预防BC的饮食策略的潜在益处，尤其强调了植物蛋白的作用。
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