Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Virol J. 2024 Oct 7;21(1):248. doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02518-4.
Human papillomavirus (HPV), is one of the main causes of cervical cancer and also one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HPV is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer and plays a principal role in causing other cancers including oropharynx, penis, larynx, oral cavity, anus, vulva, and vagina. The study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among patients referred to private laboratories in Mashhad, located in the northeast of Iran.
428 samples including 382 females (89.3%) and 46 males (10.7%) between January 10, 2022, and February 11, 2023, in Mashhad, Iran were evaluated to detect HPV and determine its genotypes. Cervical swabs and urine samples were collected from females and males, respectively. Viral DNA was extracted by using a CedExtra purification kit (cedbio, Iran) and viral genotypes were identified with a High + Low Papillomastrip kit (Operon, Spain). Mann Whitney U test and Chi-square test were accomplished for statistical analysis.
From the total of 428 participants analyzed, the HPV test result was positive for 129 patients (30.1%) and negative for 299 people (69.9%). Among the participants, 115 female (30.1%) and 14 male (30.4%) were positive for HPV infection. The prevalence of HPV infection among the referring people was about 30%. The most common genotype identified was HPV-6 (10.3%), followed by HPV-16 (8.7%) and HPV-51 (7.7%), the second and third most common genotypes, respectively. Additionally, HPV-39 was detected at a frequency of 6.70%. HPV-11, HPV-61, HPV-91, and HPV-44 with a frequency of 1% were among the least genotypes identified among the patients.
In line with the results of this study, the prevalence of HPV genotypes in both genders is 30%. The results likely reflect differences in the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes, that are less common. Also, HPV-6 and HPV-16 genotypes that are covered by the vaccine had a significant prevalence. On the other hand, with the prevalence of HPV-51 and HPV-39 genotypes in infected people who are not covered by the Gardasil (quadrivalent) vaccine, there is a risk of related cancers in the future.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是宫颈癌的主要病因之一，也是最常见的性传播感染（STIs）之一。HPV 几乎可导致所有宫颈癌病例，并在导致口咽、阴茎、喉、口腔、肛门、外阴和阴道等其他癌症方面发挥主要作用。本研究旨在调查伊朗东北部马什哈德私人实验室就诊患者 HPV 基因型的流行率和分布情况。
2022 年 1 月 10 日至 2023 年 2 月 11 日期间，对来自伊朗马什哈德的 428 名患者（包括 382 名女性[89.3%]和 46 名男性[10.7%]）的样本进行了评估，以检测 HPV 并确定其基因型。从女性和男性中分别采集宫颈拭子和尿液样本。使用 CedExtra 纯化试剂盒（cedbio，伊朗）提取病毒 DNA，并使用 High + Low Papillomastrip 试剂盒（Operon，西班牙）鉴定病毒基因型。采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验和卡方检验进行统计学分析。
在分析的 428 名参与者中，129 名（30.1%）的 HPV 检测结果为阳性，299 名（69.9%）为阴性。在参与者中，115 名女性（30.1%）和 14 名男性（30.4%）HPV 感染呈阳性。就诊人群 HPV 感染的患病率约为 30%。最常见的 HPV 基因型是 HPV-6（10.3%），其次是 HPV-16（8.7%）和 HPV-51（7.7%），分别是第二和第三常见的基因型。此外，HPV-39 的检出率为 6.70%。HPV-11、HPV-61、HPV-91 和 HPV-44 的检出率均为 1%，是患者中最少检出的 HPV 基因型。
根据本研究结果，男女 HPV 基因型的流行率均为 30%。结果可能反映了高危 HPV 基因型流行率的差异，这些基因型较为少见。此外，疫苗涵盖的 HPV-6 和 HPV-16 基因型的流行率显著。另一方面，感染 HPV-51 和 HPV-39 基因型的患者未接种 Gardasil（四价）疫苗，未来存在相关癌症的风险。
