Fadhlia Tengku Nila, Doosje Bertjan, Sauter Disa A
University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2025 Jul;26(3):598-616. doi: 10.1177/15248380241284594. Epub 2024 Oct 8.
Despite the immense challenges to mental health faced by refugees, research consistently finds that many nevertheless demonstrate remarkable resilience. However, a systematic account of the scientific literature on resilience among refugees is currently lacking. This paper aims to fill that gap by comprehensively reviewing research on protective and risk factors affecting refugees' resilience and mental health problems across four socio-ecological levels: individual, family, community, and society. We conducted a systematic search in the databases PsycINFO, Web of Science, and SocINDEX, as well as contacted topic experts to seek out unpublished manuscripts. This yielded 223 studies (171 quantitative, 52 qualitative), which were subjected to systematic content coding. We found consistent evidence for substantive risk factors, including traumatic experiences and gender at the individual level and postmigration stress and unemployment at the societal level. We found social support to be a clear protective factor at the family and community levels. We discuss these findings in the context of policy and intervention programs and make recommendations at different socio-ecological levels for supporting refugees' resilience.
尽管难民面临着对心理健康的巨大挑战，但研究始终发现，许多人仍表现出非凡的复原力。然而，目前缺乏对难民复原力科学文献的系统阐述。本文旨在通过全面回顾影响难民复原力和心理健康问题的保护因素和风险因素的研究来填补这一空白，这些因素跨越四个社会生态层面：个人、家庭、社区和社会。我们在PsycINFO、科学网和社会科学索引数据库中进行了系统搜索，并联系了主题专家以查找未发表的手稿。这产生了223项研究（171项定量研究，52项定性研究），并对其进行了系统的内容编码。我们发现了实质性风险因素的一致证据，包括个人层面的创伤经历和性别，以及社会层面的移民后压力和失业。我们发现社会支持在家庭和社区层面是一个明显的保护因素。我们在政策和干预项目的背景下讨论这些发现，并在不同的社会生态层面提出支持难民复原力的建议。
