Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
Trends Parasitol. 2024 Nov;40(11):1029-1041. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.09.006. Epub 2024 Oct 7.
The effect of sex on the prevalence and severity of parasitic diseases is an emerging area of research. Several factors underlie sex-based differences, including sociocultural influences that affect exposure to parasites, and physiological disparities linked to biological sex. Hence, human studies must be interpreted cautiously; however, studies conducted under controlled laboratory conditions are important to validate findings in humans. Such research can more effectively elucidate the role of sex-determining physiological factors (particularly their impact on immune responses), as well as the role of sex-specific differences in resistance to, or severity of, parasitic diseases. This review focuses on the overarching impact of biological sex variables on immunity. Both human and rodent experimental data are discussed, with a focus on selected protozoan and helminth infections.
性别对寄生虫病的流行和严重程度的影响是一个新兴的研究领域。一些因素导致了基于性别的差异，包括影响寄生虫暴露的社会文化影响，以及与生物性别相关的生理差异。因此，必须谨慎解释人类研究；然而，在受控实验室条件下进行的研究对于验证人类的研究结果非常重要。这种研究可以更有效地阐明性别决定生理因素的作用（特别是它们对免疫反应的影响），以及对寄生虫病的抵抗力或严重程度的性别特异性差异的作用。这篇综述重点介绍了生物学性别变量对免疫的总体影响。讨论了人类和啮齿动物的实验数据，重点是选定的原生动物和蠕虫感染。
