Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
Food Safety Agency, Andathyn, Oban Argyll and Bute, UK.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2024 Nov;23(6):e70036. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70036.
Food fraud is an ever-present threat that regulators, food business operators (FBOs), and consumers need to be aware of, prevent where possible, and address by developing mitigation strategies to detect and reduce its negative consequences. While extant literature focuses on food fraud detection, there is less attention given to prevention strategies, a knowledge gap this review seeks to address. The aim of this review was to consider food-related fraud prevention initiatives, understand what has worked well, and develop a series of recommendations on preventing food fraud, both policy related and for future research. Reactive (including intelligence based) food fraud detection dominates over prevention strategies, especially where financial, knowledge, and time resources are scarce. First-generation tools have been developed for food fraud vulnerability assessment, risk analysis, and development of food fraud prevention strategies. However, examples of integrated food control management systems at FBO, supply chain, and regulatory levels for prevention are limited. The lack of hybrid (public/private) integration of food fraud prevention strategies, as well as an effective verification ecosystem, weakens existing food fraud prevention plans. While there are several emergent practice models for food fraud prevention, they need to be strengthened to focus more specifically on capable guardians and target hardening. This work has implications for policymakers, Official Controls bodies, the food industry, and ultimately consumers who seek to consistently purchase food that is safe, legal, and authentic.
食品欺诈是一个始终存在的威胁，监管机构、食品企业经营者（FBO）和消费者都需要意识到这一点，尽可能预防，并通过制定减轻策略来检测和减少其负面影响。虽然现有文献侧重于食品欺诈检测，但对预防策略的关注较少，本综述旨在解决这一知识空白。本综述的目的是考虑与食品相关的欺诈预防措施，了解哪些措施效果良好，并就预防食品欺诈提出一系列建议，包括与政策相关的建议和未来研究的建议。反应性（包括基于情报的）食品欺诈检测策略主导着预防策略，尤其是在财务、知识和时间资源稀缺的情况下。已经开发了第一代工具来进行食品欺诈脆弱性评估、风险分析和制定食品欺诈预防策略。然而，在 FBO、供应链和监管层面实施综合食品控制管理系统以预防的例子有限。缺乏混合（公共/私人）的食品欺诈预防策略的整合以及有效的验证生态系统，削弱了现有的食品欺诈预防计划。虽然有几个新兴的食品欺诈预防实践模型，但它们需要加强，以更具体地关注有能力的监管者和目标强化。这项工作对政策制定者、官方控制机构、食品行业以及最终寻求购买安全、合法和真实食品的消费者都有影响。
