Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 9;14(1):23511. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74629-5.
To identify the differences between COVID-19-associated and non-COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction (OD), we analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics based on the causative virus (COVID versus non-COVID groups) in patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) who underwent the olfactory questionnaire and olfactory function test. Out of 169 patients with PIOD, 99 were diagnosed with COVID-19 (COVID group), while 70 were not (non-COVID group). The COVID group was younger and had a higher percentage of male patients as well as patients with parosmia than the non-COVID group. In the initial olfactory function tests, the TDI, discrimination and identification scores were significantly higher in the COVID group than in the non-COVID group. TDI scores were significantly increased in patients with PIOD after treatment, regardless of the group. The threshold score was significantly increased by 1.38 in the COVID group while the identification score was significantly increased by 2.67 in the non-COVID group. Patients with COVID-19-associated OD were younger in age, tended to be male, had a higher incidence of parosmia, and had better initial olfactory function test results compared to those with non-COVID-19-associated OD. Following treatment, odor detection threshold improved in the COVID group, whereas odor identification improved in the non-COVID group.
为了识别 COVID-19 相关和非 COVID-19 相关嗅觉功能障碍（OD）之间的差异，我们根据导致病毒（COVID 与非 COVID 组）分析了感染后嗅觉功能障碍（PIOD）患者的人口统计学和临床特征，这些患者接受了嗅觉问卷和嗅觉功能测试。在 169 名 PIOD 患者中，99 名被诊断为 COVID-19（COVID 组），而 70 名未被诊断为 COVID-19（非 COVID 组）。COVID 组的年龄较小，男性患者和嗅觉异常患者的比例较高。在初始嗅觉功能测试中，COVID 组的 TDI、辨别和识别评分明显高于非 COVID 组。无论组如何，PIOD 患者在治疗后 TDI 评分均显著升高。COVID 组的阈值评分显著增加了 1.38，而非 COVID 组的识别评分显著增加了 2.67。与非 COVID-19 相关 OD 患者相比，COVID-19 相关 OD 患者年龄较小，男性患者较多，嗅觉异常发生率较高，初始嗅觉功能测试结果较好。治疗后，COVID 组的气味检测阈值改善，而非 COVID 组的气味识别改善。
