Ma Hongbo, Gao Limei, Chang Rong, Zhai Lihong, Zhao Yanli
School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 18;10(18):e38018. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38018. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.
Immune metabolism is a result of many specific metabolic reactions, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), fatty acid biosynthesis (FAs) and amino acid pathways, which promote cell proliferation and maintenance with structural and pathological energy to regulate cellular signaling. The metabolism of macrophages produces many metabolic intermediates that play important regulatory roles in tissue repair and regeneration. The metabolic activity of proinflammatory macrophages (M1) mainly depends on glycolysis and the TCA cycle system, but anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) have intact functions of the TCA cycle, which enhances FAO and is dependent on OXPHOS. However, the metabolic mechanisms of macrophages in tissue repair and regeneration have not been well investigated. Thus, we review how three main metabolic mechanisms of macrophages, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, regulate tissue repair and regeneration.
免疫代谢是许多特定代谢反应的结果，如糖酵解、三羧酸（TCA）途径、磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）、线粒体氧化磷酸化（OXPHOS）、脂肪酸氧化（FAO）、脂肪酸生物合成（FAs）和氨基酸途径，这些反应通过结构和病理能量促进细胞增殖和维持，从而调节细胞信号传导。巨噬细胞的代谢产生许多代谢中间体，它们在组织修复和再生中发挥重要的调节作用。促炎巨噬细胞（M1）的代谢活性主要依赖于糖酵解和TCA循环系统，但抗炎巨噬细胞（M2）具有完整的TCA循环功能，可增强FAO并依赖于OXPHOS。然而，巨噬细胞在组织修复和再生中的代谢机制尚未得到充分研究。因此，我们综述巨噬细胞的三种主要代谢机制，即葡萄糖代谢、脂质代谢和氨基酸代谢，如何调节组织修复和再生。
