埃塞俄比亚青年体育学院（海拔2400米）和古纳田径运动俱乐部（海拔3100米）训练营中耐力跑运动员的生理参数和训练特征：一项比较性横断面研究。

Physiological parameters and training characteristics of endurance runners at Ethiopian Youth Sports Academy (2400 meters above sea level) and Guna Athletics Sport Club (3100 meters above sea level) training camps: a comparative cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Muche Zelalem T, Wondimu Diresibachew H, Midekssa Milkessa B, Abebe Endeshaw C, Agidew Melaku M, Ayele Tekile M, Zewde Edgeit A, Mulu Anemut T, Teshome Assefa A, Baye Nega D, Teklemariam Awgichew B, Bekele Daniel A, Muleta Gutema J

机构信息

Department of Medical Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia -

School of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

出版信息

J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2025 Jan;65(1):19-29. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16047-1. Epub 2024 Oct 9.

DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16047-1

PMID:39382943

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Endurance performance is impacted by physiological, anthropometrical, diet, genetic, psychological, and training characteristics. Altitude can affect physiological parameters (like maximum oxygen utilization, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate, and blood pressure) and training characteristics (duration, frequency, and training load). Thus, this study compared physiological parameters and training characteristics between endurance runners at Ethiopian Youth Sports Academy (EYSA) and Guna Athletics Sport Club (GASC) located which are located at elevation of 2400 and 3100 meters, respectively.

METHODS

A comparative cross-sectional study design was used from September to November 2021. Data was obtained from a total of 120 eligible participants (30 runners and 30 controls at GASC, and 30 runners and 30 controls at EYSA). Sociodemographic and training characteristics were assessed using self-administered standardized questionnaires. SaO2 and heart rate were measured using finger pulse-oximetry (Nellcor, Oxim N-65; Covidien, Dublin, Ireland). Blood pressure was measured by Folee Digital Blood Pressure Monitor DX-B1 (Jiangsu Folee Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China).

RESULTS

The runners of GASC had significantly lower resting SaO2, SaO2 immediately after maximal exertion, training (frequency and load) than runners of EYSA in both sexes. Runners of Guna Athletics Sport Club (RGASC) had significantly higher maximum oxygen utilization (VO2max) than Runners Ethiopian Youth Sports Academy (REYSA) in both sexes. Severe exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIAH) and moderate EIAH were developed by male runners of GASC and EYSA respectively. Besides, female runners GASC and EYSA developed moderate and mild EIAH, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusively, there were significant differences in physiological parameters and training load between RGASC and REYSA. High altitude (3100 meters) may have a greater impact on the above variables than moderate hypoxia (2400 meters above sea level). Hence, endurance runner coaches should give emphasis to these variables.

摘要

背景

耐力表现受生理、人体测量学、饮食、遗传、心理和训练特征的影响。海拔高度会影响生理参数（如最大摄氧量、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO₂）、心率和血压）以及训练特征（持续时间、频率和训练负荷）。因此，本研究比较了位于海拔2400米的埃塞俄比亚青年体育学院（EYSA）和位于海拔3100米的古纳田径运动俱乐部（GASC）的耐力跑者的生理参数和训练特征。

方法

采用比较横断面研究设计，时间为2021年9月至11月。数据来自总共120名符合条件的参与者（GASC的30名跑步者和30名对照组，以及EYSA的30名跑步者和30名对照组）。使用自行填写的标准化问卷评估社会人口统计学和训练特征。使用手指脉搏血氧仪（Nellcor，Oxim N - 65；Covidien，都柏林，爱尔兰）测量SaO₂和心率。使用福立电子血压计DX - B1（江苏福立医疗设备有限公司，镇江，中国）测量血压。

结果

在两性中，GASC的跑步者在静息SaO₂、最大运动后即刻的SaO₂、训练（频率和负荷）方面均显著低于EYSA的跑步者。在两性中，古纳田径运动俱乐部（RGASC）的跑步者的最大摄氧量（VO₂max）显著高于埃塞俄比亚青年体育学院（REYSA）的跑步者。GASC的男性跑步者和EYSA的男性跑步者分别出现了严重运动诱发低氧血症（EIAH）和中度EIAH。此外，GASC的女性跑步者和EYSA的女性跑步者分别出现了中度和轻度EIAH。