College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding/Shennong Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Planis, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Theor Appl Genet. 2024 Oct 9;137(11):250. doi: 10.1007/s00122-024-04749-z.
Stable QTL for pod and kernel traits were co-localized on chromosome Arahy05, and an INDEL marker at 106,411,957 on Arahy05 was developed and validated to be useful for marker-assisted selection of kernel weight. Pod and kernel traits, such as hundred pod weight (HPW), and hundred kernel weight (HKW), along with pod and kernel sizes, are pivotal determinants of yield in peanut breeding programs. This study sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are associated with these pod and kernel traits in peanuts. To achieve this, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, was derived from a cross between Yuhua15, a cultivar known for its high yield, and a germplasm accession W1202. The investigation uncovered stable and major QTL that are significantly associated with both pod and kernel weight and were consistently co-localized on chromosomes Arahy05 and Arahy08. Furthermore, an INDEL marker was identified and characterized in the QTL interval on Arahy05. An extensive re-sequencing analysis comprising 395 germplasm accessions led to the discovery of two principal haplotypes within a 500-kb window flanking the aforementioned INDEL marker. The haplotypes exhibited a significant correlation with the HKW in our diverse panel of germplasm accessions. Notably, the 170 accessions harboring the haplotype associated with an increased HKW primarily represented botanical varieties, specifically Arachis hypogaea var. hypogaea and A. hypogaea var. hirsuta. On the other hand, the 137 accessions associated with the alternative haplotype, which corresponded to a reduced HKW, were predominately identified as belonging to botanical varieties within A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata. The INDEL marker located on Arahy05, which demonstrates close linkage to the pod and kernel traits, would be an efficient approach for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of pod and kernel weight in breeding programs.
荚果和籽粒性状的稳定 QTL 与 Arahy05 染色体上的位点共定位，在 Arahy05 上开发并验证了一个 106,411,957 的 INDEL 标记，可用于辅助选择籽粒重量。百荚重（HPW）、百粒重（HKW）和荚果与籽粒大小等荚果和籽粒性状是花生育种计划中产量的关键决定因素。本研究旨在鉴定与花生这些荚果和籽粒性状相关的数量性状基因座（QTL）。为此，从高产品种育华 15 和 W1202 种质资源的杂交后代中衍生出一个重组自交系（RIL）群体。研究发现与荚果和籽粒重量显著相关的稳定和主要 QTL 并在染色体 Arahy05 和 Arahy08 上一致共定位。此外，在 Arahy05 的 QTL 区间中鉴定并表征了一个 INDEL 标记。对包括 395 个种质资源在内的大规模重测序分析，在上述 INDEL 标记侧翼的 500-kb 窗口内发现了两个主要单倍型。在我们多样化的种质资源群体中，这些单倍型与 HKW 显著相关。值得注意的是，携带与增加 HKW 相关的单倍型的 170 个种质资源主要代表植物品种，特别是 Arachis hypogaea var. hypogaea 和 A. hypogaea var. hirsuta。另一方面，与替代单倍型相关的 137 个种质资源与 HKW 减少相关，主要属于 A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata 内的植物品种。位于 Arahy05 上的 INDEL 标记与荚果和籽粒性状紧密连锁，是一种有效的标记辅助选择（MAS）方法，可用于荚果和籽粒重量的育种计划。
