Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2600 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Food Environ Virol. 2024 Dec;16(4):506-515. doi: 10.1007/s12560-024-09614-2. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Conventional UV-C (254 nm) inactivation technologies have limitations and potential operator-safety risk. To overcome these disadvantages, novel UV-C light-emitting diodes (LED) are developed and investigated for their performance. This study aimed to determine the inactivation of human norovirus (HuNoV) surrogates, Tulane virus (TV), and feline calicivirus (FCV-F9), by UV-C (254 nm) in comparison to UV-C LED (279 nm) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and coconut water (CW). Five-hundred microliters of FCV-F9 (~ 5 log plaque forming units (PFU)/mL) or TV (~ 6 log PFU/mL) were added to 4.5 mL PBS or CW in continuously stirred glass beakers and exposed to 254 nm UV-C for 0 up to 15 min (maximum dosage of 33.89 mJ/cm) or 279 nm UV-C LED for 0 up to 2.5 min (maximum dosage of 7.03 mJ/cm). Recovered viruses were assayed in duplicate from each treatment replicated thrice. Mixed model analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Significantly lower D values were obtained in PBS and CW (p ≤ 0.05) for both tested viruses using UV-C LED (279 nm) where FCV-F9 showed D values of 7.08 ± 1.75 mJ/cm and 3.75 ± 0.11 mJ/cm, while using UV-C (254 nm) showed D values of 13.81 ± 0.40 mJ/cm and 6.43 ± 0.44 mJ/cm in PBS and CW, respectively. Similarly, lower D values were obtained for TV of 3.91 ± 1.03 mJ/cm and 4.26 ± 1.02 mJ/cm with 279 nm UV-C LED and were 18.76 ± 3.16 mJ/cm and 10.21 ± 1.48 mJ/cm with 254 nm UV-C in PBS and CW, respectively. Viral resistance to these treatments was fluid-matrix dependent. These findings indicate that use of 279 nm UV-C LED is more effective in inactivating HuNoV surrogates than conventional 254 nm UV-C in the tested fluids.
传统的 UV-C（254nm）灭活技术存在局限性和潜在的操作人员安全风险。为了克服这些缺点，开发了新型的 UV-C 发光二极管（LED），并研究了其性能。本研究旨在确定 UV-C（254nm）与 UV-C LED（279nm）在磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）和椰子水中对人诺如病毒（HuNoV）替代物、Tulane 病毒（TV）和猫杯状病毒（FCV-F9）的灭活效果。将 500μL FCV-F9（5 log 噬菌斑形成单位（PFU）/mL）或 TV（6 log PFU/mL）添加到 4.5mL PBS 或 CW 中，在连续搅拌的玻璃烧杯中，并分别用 254nm UV-C 照射 0 至 15 分钟（最大剂量为 33.89mJ/cm）或 279nm UV-C LED 照射 0 至 2.5 分钟（最大剂量为 7.03mJ/cm）。从每个处理组重复三次的每个处理组中重复检测两次回收的病毒。使用混合模型方差分析进行数据分析。与使用 254nm UV-C 相比，在 PBS 和 CW 中使用 UV-C LED（279nm）时，两种测试病毒的 D 值明显更低（p≤0.05），FCV-F9 的 D 值分别为 7.08±1.75mJ/cm 和 3.75±0.11mJ/cm，而使用 UV-C（254nm）时，D 值分别为 13.81±0.40mJ/cm 和 6.43±0.44mJ/cm。同样，用 279nm UV-C LED 处理时，TV 的 D 值分别为 3.91±1.03mJ/cm 和 4.26±1.02mJ/cm，用 254nm UV-C 处理时，D 值分别为 18.76±3.16mJ/cm 和 10.21±1.48mJ/cm PBS 和 CW 中的分别为。病毒对这些处理的抵抗力取决于流体基质。这些发现表明，在测试的流体中，与传统的 254nm UV-C 相比，使用 279nm UV-C LED 更有效地灭活 HuNoV 替代物。
